Botrytis cinerea

The conidia are disseminated by the wind and ean persist in the soil or on plant debris. Some insects can facilitate their transmission. For example, the larvae of the moth Lobesia botrana, which has been found on grapes, earry the infective pathogen. The larvae are responsible for the distribution and for creating a point of entry to the plant by damaging the eutiele. The larvae increase the supply of nutrients to the fungus not just as a result of damage to the plant but also by their secretions. 

cinerea to less toxic metabolites. The strains of B. cinerea that can degrade 

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Botanical gums Botanicals Botrilex Botrytis cinerea Botrytis spp. 

The stmcture of the nucleotide antibiotic, phosmidosine (185), isolated from the culture filtrates of Streptomjces sp. RK-16 has been elucidated (282). Phosmidosine inhibits pore formation of Botrytis cinerea 2mBA.spergillus niger... 

Patchoulol is transformed by Botrytis cinerea to a number of products principally to those involving hydroxylation at the C-5 and C-7 quaternary atoms (Aleu et al. 1999) (Figure 7.45c). 

An illustration of the plethora of reactions that may occur is afforded by the transformation of caryophyllene oxide by Botrytis cinerea. Although most of the reactions were hydrox-ylations or epoxidations, two involved transannular reactions (a) between the C4-epoxide oxygen and Cy and (b) between the C4-epoxide and C13 with formation of a caryolane (Figure 7.47) (Duran et al. 1999). 

FIGURE 7.47 Transformation of caryophyllene oxide by Botrytis cinerea. 

Aleu 1, JR Hanson, RH Galan, IG Collado (1999) Biotransformation of the fnngistatic sesqniterpenoid patchonlol by Botrytis cinerea. J NatProd 62 437-440. 

Salinas J (1992) Function of cutinolytic enzymes in the infection of Gerbera flowers by Botrytis cinerea. PhD Thesis, University of Utrecht, Utrecht... 

Botrytis cinerea is responsible for gray mold disease in more than 200 host plants. This necrotrophic fungus displays the capacity to kill host cells through the production of toxins and reactive oxygen species and the induction of a plant-produced oxidative burst. Thanks to an arsenal of degrading enzymes, B. cinerea is then able to feed on various plant tissues (Choquer and others 2007). 

Choquer M, Fournier L, Kunz C, Levis C, Pradier JM, Simon A and Viaud M. 2007. Botrytis cinerea virulence factors new insights into a necrotrophic and polyphageous pathogen. FEMS Microbiol Lett 277(1) 1—10. 

A role of the carboxyl group of the substrate and the amino group of the enzyme in the formation of the enzyme-substrate complex was assumed by Nyeste and coworkers142 on the basis of an effect of blocking the amino groups of the D-galacturonanase of Botrytis cinerea. 

All the pectin lyases so far described are of fungal origin and are secreted extracellularly. Production of pectin lyase by Rhizoctonia solani, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum f. lycopersici was induced by pectate with D-glucose,265 pectin showing a lower inductive effect.231... 

C. Hebert, M.T. Charles, L. Gauthier, C. WiUemot, S.Khanizadeh and J. Cousineau, Strawberry proanthocyanidins biochemical markers for Botrytis cinerea resistance and shelf-life predictability. Acta Florticult. 567 (2002) 659-662. 

Penicillium in cheese or cheese casings, green coffee dust, Botrytis cinerea on grapes, Aspergillus oryzae in soy sauce, grain weevils, carmine... 

Yarwood and hfiddleton reported the first protective effects in 1954. Little more was done until about 1968. Protection of plants from ozone has been shown in several instances rust infection of wheat Botrytis cinerea on broad bean Pseudomonas phaseolicola on pinto bean mosaic virus on tobacco three tobacco viruses (R. A. Reinert, personal communication) and mosaic virus on bean. In the latter two cases, protection was reported without visible symptoms of the virus. This may be a general phenomenon, inasmuch as some protection was reported with very mild symptoms by Brennan and Leone. This protective action has generally been ascribed to the production of a... 

Manning, W. J.. W. A. Feder, and I. Perkins. Ozone and inflection of geranium flowers by Botrytis cinerea. Phytopathology 60 1302, 1970. (abstract)... 

Quidde T et al (1998) Detoxification of a-tomatine by Botrytis cinerea. Physiol Mol Plant Pathol 52 151... 

Quidde T et al (1999) Evidence for three different specific saponins-detoxifying activities in Botrytis cinerea and cloning and functional analysis of a gene coding for a putative avenacinase. Eur J Plant Pathol 105 273... 

Norbotryal acetate (451) has been identified as a co-metabolite of botrydial (452) in cultures of the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (cf. Vol. 6, p. 95 Vol. 7, pp. 105, 195). Further examination of the metabolites of Porella species has revealed the presence of the pinguisane derivative (453). It has been suggested that... 

Dubemet, M., Recherches sur la tyrosinase de Vitis vinifera et la laccase de Botrytis cinerea. Applications technologiques, Universite de Bordeaux II, 1974. 

Salgues, M., Cheynier, V., and Gunata, Z., Oxidation of grape juice 2-5-glutathionyl caffeoyl tartaric acid by Botrytis cinerea laccase and characterization of a new substance 2,5 di-5-glutathionyl caffeoyl tartaric acid. J. Food Sci. 5, 1191, 1986. 

Hermosa, M. R., Turra, D., Fogliano, V., Monte, E., Lorito, M. (2006). Identifieation and eharaeterization of potato protease inhibitors able to inhibit pathogenieity and growth of Botrytis cinerea. Physiol. Mol Plant Pathol., 68, 138-148. 

The diterpenes ferruginol and hinokiol [104, 105], geranylgeraniol, tepre-none and phytol [106] showed antibacterial activity. iS-Hydroxykaurenoic acid produced permeabilisation of the cell membrane of the fungi Botrytis cinerea [107, 108]. 

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