Brown rice

HUDSON A, DiNH p A, KOKUBUN T, siMMONDS M s, GESCHER A (2000) Characterization of potentially chemopreventive phenols in extracts of brown rice that inhibit the growth of human breast and colon cancer cells. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 9 (11) 1163-70. 

The basic principle of the analytical method for anilides is as follows. Homogenized samples such as fruits and vegetables are extracted with acetone or acetonitrile. In the case of brown rice, samples are added to water and allowed to stand for 2h prior... 

Acetonitrile-n-hexane partition is an effective method for oily samples, e.g. brown rice (rice bran contains oily materials) and nuts. The residue of organic layer derived from Section 2.2.3(a) is dissolved in 30 mL of n-hexane and naproanilide and its metabolite are extracted twice with 30 mL of acetonitrile. The combined acetonitrile extract is concentrated prior to further cleanup, if needed. This method can be applied to the determination of all other anilide compounds. 

Using multi-analytical methods, most of the anilides, including naproanilide, propanil and mefenacet, show recoveries of >70% from 0.5mgkg fortified tomato. According to the official analytical method of the Ministry of Environment, Japan, the recovery of clomeprop fortified at 0.4mgkg in brown rice is >90% (personal data). 

Homogenizing and milling for brown rice and rice straw samples must be carried out while freezing with dry-ice. During evaporation of organic solvents, the temperature of the water-bath should be kept at 40 °C or lower. 

The minimum detectable level is estimated with the dinifroaniline signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). With fortification levels between 0.2 and 0.5mgkg the recovery of trifluralin from plant matrices is 70-99% with the LOD/LOQ being 0.005 mg kg according to the analytical method of the Ministry of the Environment, Japan. In multiresidue analysis by GC/NPD, the percent recoveries of pendimethalin from each crop with a fortification level of 0.25 mg kg were brown rice 70, potato 70, cabbage 80, letmce 89, carrot 84, cucumber 64, shiitake 74, apple 76, strawberry 99, and banana 99%. The LOD for each sample was 0.01 mg kg for pendimethalin. In residue analysis by GC/ECD, recoveries of the majority of dinifroaniline herbicides from fortified samples of carrot, melon, and tomato at fortification levels of 0.04—0.10 mg kg ranged from 79 to 92%. The LODs were benfluralin 0.001, pendimethalin 0.002 and trifluralin 0.001 mg kg for the GC/ECD method. ... 

The purification of chlornitrofen and the reduced metabolite, 2,4,6-trichlorophenyl 4-aminophenyl ether (CNP-NH2) in brown rice and vegetables was investigated. ... 

A 20-g amount of the milled brown rice or minced vegetable is transferred into a 300-mL Erlenmeyer flask. After 100 mL of 0.2M KOH-acetone (1 9, v/v) have been added to the flask, the mixture is shaken vigorously on a mechanical shaker for 30 min. The homogenate is filtered under vacuum through a funnel fitted with a filter paper, and the residue is rehomogenized with 70 mL of the same solution and filtered again. The filtrates are combined and concentrated to about 40 mL using a vacuum rotary evaporator below 40 °C. 

Brown rice, wheat and bean. Several analytical procedures have been developed for rice grain. In the case of rice straw, finely cut samples are added to water and allowed to stand for 2 h, then extracted with acetone. Unpolished rice grain samples are milled with an ultracentrifuge mill and sieved through a 42-mesh screen prior to extraction. 

Brown rice, watermelon, cucumber, sugar beat, spinach, pea and tobacco... 

Weigh 20 g (fresh weight) of chopped and homogenized plant samples into a 300-mL Erlenmeyer flask. Add 80 mL of acetone and shake the flask vigorously for 30 min with a shaker. In the case of brown rice and pea, add 20 mL of water to 10 g of sample and allow to stand for 2 h before adding 80 mL of acetone. Filter the extraction mixture by suction through a glass filter and re-extract the residue on the filter with 50 mL of acetone, then filter the mixture by suction. Concentrate the combined filtrate in the 300-mL of round-bottom flask to remove acetone at below 30 °C after addition of a 25% aqueous solution of potassium carbonate (0.2 mL). 

Takasuga T, Senthilkumar K, Takemori H, Ohi E, Tsuji H, Nagayama J (2004) Impact of fermented brown rice with Aspergillus oryzae (FEBRA) intake and concentrations of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) in blood of humans from Japan. Chemosphere 57 795-811... 

An interesting study of acid rain effects on the biogeochemical accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in crops has been presented by Chen et al., 1998. The authors have compared the ratios of relative concentration of four heavy metals in the brown rice and leaves of vegetables sampled from acid rain affected areas and... 

Table 5. The ratios of relative concentration of heavy metals in brown rice and the leaves of vegetable species growing in Lung-tang area (affected by acidic rains) and Lung-luan-tang area (non-affected by acidic rains) from 1996 to 1997 in Taiwan (Chen et al., 1998).

Table 5 also reveals that the mean concentration of Pb in brown rice and leaves of 19 vegetable species from acid rain affected areas and non-affected areas are almost the same. On the other hand, the ratio is close to 1. This result indicated that acid rain does not influence the biological accumulation of Pb in brown rice and leaves of vegetables species sampled in Taiwan. Some studies have indicated that concentration of Pb in the crops was only affected when the concentration of Pb in the soils is higher than 500 mg/kg (Kabata-Pendias and Pendias, 1992). Sloan et al. (1997) also indicated that the relative bioavailability of biosolids-applied heavy metals in agricultural soils was Cd Zn >Ni >Cu Cr >Pb, for the soils 15 years after biosolids application. It is quite consistent with the results achieved by research of Chen et al. (1998). Thus, the phyto-availability of heavy metals caused by acid deposition followed the trend Cd >Zn >Cu Pb. 

My family helped me to get through it I wasn t dealing with it by myself. It took a while for my dad to understand, because he s a big healthy-like-a-horse kind of guy. He s a natural kind of guy, though, too. Even before we knew about chemical sensitivity our family never used products with a lot of fragrance or perfume. It s been Dr. Bronner s all the way. We re brown rice and broccoli people. My family is very supportive and has helped me all the way. It s a family commitment. 

Printed fibreboard bag, milk shake cup, milk thick shake straw, soy milk tetra pack, pasta, noodles, shredded cheese, outer cheese, carrot slice, coffee, lecithin, green beans, and brown rice packs Ice cream, biscuit outer, rolled oats, cereal outer, cocoa... 

Roberts, R.L., Carlson, R.A. and Farkas, D.F., Preparation of a quick-cooking brown rice product using a centrifugal fluidized bed drier, /. Food Sci., 45 (1980) 1080-1081. 

In view of the practical importance of these grains, for example in dietary fibers, it is useful to study the cell wall polymers of their tissues during differentiation. In the present work, we used rice grains (brown rice without husk) as a starting material. They were fractionated into several distinct histological components, and the composition and detailed structure of cell wall polymers was compared. 

Fig. 14 Analytical HPLC of the phylloquinone fraction from an extracted sample of brown rice isolated by semipreparative HPLC. Column, Spherisorb C8 (octyl) mobile phase, methanol/50 mM acetate buffer pH 3.0 (97 3) containing 0.1 mM EDTA, dual-electrode coulometric detection (redox mode), porous graphite electrodes, — 1.5 V (generator electrode), +0.05 V (detector electrode). The arrows signify the fraction containing tritiated phylloquinone 2,3-epoxide (internal standard) and phylloquinone (analyte) that is collected for quantitation by radioisotopic dilution. (Courtesy of M. J. Shearer.)...

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