Lead-based paint removing

Source Hock, V. et al., Demonstration of lead-based paint removal and chemical stabilization using blastox, Technical Report 96/20, U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Champaign, IL, 1996. 

Lead based paint—Removal—United States. 2. Lead based paint—Law and legislation— United States. 3. Lead abatement—Law and legislation— United States. I. Title. 

All of these methods have certain factors in common, such as the cost of detecting and monitoring lead substrates in and around the stmcture, monitoring air in the work place, and waste disposal except for encapsulation. Some of the methods and factors involved in lead-based paint removal operations are discussed in the following sections and the cost of various methods are compared. 

The rate of lead-based paint removal was not significantly affected by film thicknesses within the ranges indicated, since the diameter of the abrasive particles were larger than the coating thicknesses and quickly penetrated to the substrate surfaces. 

For asbestos removal, the provisions of the OSHA Asbestos Standard 29 CFR 1926.1101 are more protective of worker health and safety than are the more general provisions. The HASP therefore provides that the asbestos removal tasks conducted inside the building will be performed in accordance with the OSHA Asbestos Standard. After the asbestos has been removed, the lead-based paint will be removed. Again, the provisions of the OSHA Standard for lead removal are more protective of worker health and safety than are the more general provisions of 29 CFR 1910.120. Therefore, the removal of the lead-based paint inside the building will be performed in full compliance with the OSHA Lead Standard [1]. 

You may also be exposed to lead in the home if you work with stained glass as a hobby, make lead fishing weights or ammunition, or if you are involved in home renovation that involves the removal of old lead-based paint. Chapter 5 contains further information on sources of exposure to lead. 

Respiratory Effects. The only information located regarding respiratory effects in humans associated with lead exposure was a case report of a 41-year-old man who was exposed to lead for 6 years while removing old lead-based paint from a bridge. At the time of the initial assessment, his PbB level was 87 pg/dL, and he complained of mild dyspnea for the last 2-3 years. No abnormalities in respiratory function were seen at clinical examination, so it is not possible to conclude that his respiratory symptoms were related to exposure to lead (Pollock and Ibels 1986). 

Inhibition of ALAD and stimulation of ALAS result in increased levels of ALA in blood or plasma and in urine. For example, in a case report of a 53-year-old man with an 11-year exposure to lead from removing old lead-based paint from a bridge, a PbB level of 55 pg/dL was associated with elevated urinary ALA (Pollock and Ibels 1986). The results of the Meredith et al. (1978) study on lead workers and controls indicated an exponential relationship between PbB and blood ALA. Numerous studies reported direct correlations between PbB level and log urinary ALA in workers. Some of these studies indicated that correlations can be seen at PbB levels of <40 pg/dL (Lauwerys et al. 1974 Selander and Cramer 1970 Solliway et al. 1996), although the slope may be different (less steep) than at PbB levels of >40 pg/dL. In a study of 98 occupationally exposed subjects (51 pg/dL, mean PbB) and 85 matched controls (20.9 pg/dL. mean PbB) it was found that log ZPP and log ALA in urine correlated well with PbB levels (Gennart et al. 1992a). In the exposed group, the mean ZPP was 4 times higher than in the controls, whereas urinary ALA was increased 2-fold. 

Releases from lead-based paints are frequently confined to the area in the immediate vicinity of painted surfaces, and deterioration or removal of the paint can result in high localized concentrations of lead in indoor air (from sanding and sandblasting) and on exposed surfaces. 

Fischbein A, Anderson KE, Sassa S. et al. 1981. Lead poisoning from do-it- yourself heat guns for removing lead-based paint Report of two cases. Environ Res 24 425-431. 

One can compare the biomarker-based risk derived for lead with population-based biomonitoring results. Data from NHANES 2000-2001 can be used to estimate the number of children in the United States who have increased blood lead (CDC 2005). Blood lead in U.S. children declined dramatically after the removal of lead from gasoline—from a median of 15 pg/dL in 1978 to 2 pg/dL in 1999 (Rogan and Ware 2003). Nonetheless, an estimated 1.6% of U.S. children 1-5 years old had blood lead greater than 10 pg/dL in 1999-2002, according to NHANES data (CDC 2005). The major exposure sources of lead for U.S. children are deterioration of lead-based paint and the resulting dust and soil contamination (CDC 2005). 

The hazards of lead poisoning can be greatly reduced by introducing programs that increase public awareness, removing lead-based paint from old buildings, and screening children for lead exposure. 

Some individuals and families may be exposed to additional lead in their homes. This is particularly true of older homes that contain lead based paint. In an attempt to reduce the amount of exposure due to deteriorating leaded paint, the p>aint is commonly removed from homes by burning, scraping or sanding. These activities have been found to result to at least temporarily, in higher levels of exposure for families residing in those homes. Special... 

The problem of applying protective coatings to steel bridges to prevent corrosion involves the removal of the existing lead-based paint in compliance with environmental regulations. All wastes must be treated in accordance with congressional regulations. 

According to the 1992 NCHRP data, nearly 80% of the bridges have been coated with lead-based paints. About 4100- 130 million is spent on painting annually. Lead paint removal generates an estimated 181 million kg (200,000 ton) of lead-contaminated abrasives. 

TSCA regulations require sellers and landlords to disclose the presence of lead-based paint and lead hazards in target housing. These regulations, usually referred to as the Disclosure Rule, were jointly issued by the EPA and HUD, pursuant to a mandate in Section 1018 of Title X of the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992. The only affirmative act the Disclosure Rule requires is disclosure TSCA does not require landlords and sellers to conduct any lead abatement projects. As the EPA said in the enforcement response policy for the Disclosure Rule, [t]he purpose of the Disclosure Rule is to ensure that individuals and families receive the information necessary to protect themselves and their families from lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards. Because the Disclosure Rule does not require any reduction of lead in homes, it has been criticized as a weak response to a national crisis. On the other hand, the cost of removing lead... 

A) the removal of lead-based paint and lead-contaminated dust, the permanent containment or encapsulation of lead-based paint, the replacement of lead-painted surfaces or fixtures, and the removal or covering of lead-contaminated soil and... 

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