Target housing

EPA. 1998a. Lead requirements for hazard education before renovation of target housing final rule. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Federal Register. 63 FR 29908. June 1, 1998. 

IV. The Disclosure Rule—Disclosure of Known Lead on Sale or Rental of Target Housing... 

TSCA regulations require sellers and landlords to disclose the presence of lead-based paint and lead hazards in target housing. These regulations, usually referred to as the Disclosure Rule, were jointly issued by the EPA and HUD, pursuant to a mandate in Section 1018 of Title X of the Residential Lead-Based Paint Hazard Reduction Act of 1992. The only affirmative act the Disclosure Rule requires is disclosure TSCA does not require landlords and sellers to conduct any lead abatement projects. As the EPA said in the enforcement response policy for the Disclosure Rule, [t]he purpose of the Disclosure Rule is to ensure that individuals and families receive the information necessary to protect themselves and their families from lead-based paint and/or lead-based paint hazards. Because the Disclosure Rule does not require any reduction of lead in homes, it has been criticized as a weak response to a national crisis. On the other hand, the cost of removing lead... 

Sellers and landlords of target housing must disclose to prospective purchasers or tenants details of any lead-based paint or lead-based paint hazards of which they are aware. They must give the prospective purchasers and tenants records of any lead testing, and a copy of the EPA/HUD pamphlet entitled Protect Your Family From Lead in Your Home or another pamphlet that has EPA approval. Prospective purchasers and tenants must receive the disclosure and a warning before the contract or lease becomes binding, and purchasers must be given ten days to conduct a risk assessment or inspection. ... 

The contract for sale of target housing must include this warning ... 

Lead-based paint activities are defined as inspection, risk assessment or abatement in target housing or child-occupied facilities. Inspection is defined in turn as a surface-by-surface investigation to determine the presence of lead-based paint and the provision of a report explaining the results of the investigation risk assessment is defined as an on-site investigation... 

The EPA may conduct inspections at any renovation in target housing or child-occupied faciUties to ensure compliance, and has the authority under TSCA 11 to issue subpoenas. ... 

In enforcement proceedings, and when the enforcement agency seeks a subpoena, the regulations state that there is a presumption that all renovations in target housing and child-occupied facilities have lead paint presentd ... 

Penalties can be reduced to just 5 percent of the gravity based penalty if the violator proves that there was no lead in the target housing at the time of the violation. The penalties can be reduced by 50 percent if there was no interior lead paint, up to 40 percent if a major potential source of lead was removed prior to the violation, and up to 25 percent if the were no lead paint hazards, even if there was lead painL ... 

The Administrator shall conduct a study of the extent to which persons engaged in various types of renovation and remodeling activities in target housing, pubKc buildings constructed before 1978, and commercial buildings are exposed to lead in the conduct of such activities or disturb lead and create a lead-based paint hazard on a regular or occasional basis. The Administrator shall complete such study and publish the results thereof within 30 months after October 28,1992. 

Within 2 years after October 28, 1992, the Administrator shall promulgate regulations under this subsection to require each person who performs for compensation a renovation of target housing to provide a lead hazard information pamphlet to the owner and occupant of such housing prior to commencing the renovation. 

Targeting House, Gadbrook Park, Northwich, Cheshire CW9 7UZ, UK. 

Struyk, Raymond, Ekaterina Petrova, and Tatiana Lykova. 2006. Targeting Housing Allowances in Russia. Journal of Housing Policy 6 (2) 191—220. 

Under this rule, a child-occupied facility is a building, or a portion of a building, constructed prior to 1978, visited regularly by the same child, under 6 years of age, on at least 2 different days within any week (Sunday through Saturday period), provided that each day s visit lasts at least 3 hours and the combined weekly visits last at least 6 hours, and the combined annual visits last at least 60 hours. Child-occupied facilities may be located in public or commercial buildings or in target housing. 

EPA establishes dangerous levels of lead in paint, dust, and soil. These hazard standards define lead-based paint hazards in target housing and child-occupied facilities as paint-lead, dust-lead, and soil-lead hazards. A paint-lead hazard is defined as any damaged or deteriorated lead-based paint, any chewable lead-based painted surface with evidence of teeth marks, or any lead-based paint on a friction surface if lead dust levels underneath the friction surface exceed the dust-lead hazard standards. 

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