A biodegradation product

Biological. Vinyl chloride was reported to be a biodegradation product from an anaerobic digester at a wastewater treatment facility (Howard, 1990). Under aerobic conditions. Pseudomonas putida oxidized 1,1,2-trichloroethane to chloroacetic and glyoxylic acids. Simultaneously, 1,1,2-trichloroethane is reduced to vinyl chloride exclusively (Castro and Belser,... 

This sequence was developed for conversion of 9a-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, a biodegradation product of the common plant sterol -sitosteTol, to corticosteroids. The transposition of the 9a -hydroxy group to an 11 /3-hydroxy group can be accomplished readily by dehydration to the 9(ll)-ene, addition of HOBr, and reduction of the 9tr-bromine with chromium(II) chloride. 

PENTEX FR is a nonlonic/anlonic blended surfactant that is a biodegradable product for textile wet processing operations. Typical uses are in preparation of fabrics (bleaching), boil-off, and scouring of yarns and fabrics, soaping of fast dye yarns and fabrics particularly when dyed with fiber reactive dyes. 

BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES biodegradation is unlikely, vinyl chloride suspected as a biodegradation product during anaerobic conditions moderately to highly movable in soil Koc values 83-209 BCF <1 in fish surface water half-life 4.5 months-1 year groundwater half-life 4.5 months-2 years aerobic half-life 6 months-1 year anaerobic half-life 2 years-4 years... 

No information on the release of 1,1,2-trichloroethane to soil was found in the available literature. It is anticipated that process residues and sludge containing this chemical may be landfilled (Jackson et al. 1984). In an experiment designed to simulate the anaerobic conditions for biodegradation in landfills, 1,1,2-trichloroethane was found to be a biodegradation product of 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane (Hallen et al. 1986). Therefore 1,1,2-trichloroethane may be produced in landfills or other anaerobic environments (e.g. groundwater) that have been contaminated with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane. 

The quality of biodegradable products is assured not only by the control of the biodegradability parameters but also by the assessment of real functionality. A biodegradable product is useless if it does not perform as a traditional product or better in terms of mechanical resistance, duration and so on. For this reason, the commitment of producers of biodegradable biopolymers in the creation of a quality network able to guarantee the standards of the product, in all the steps of the life cycle, becomes very relevant. 

Usnic acid is one of the biologically most active compounds which justifies a discussion of its three-dimensional structure. According to an X-ray analysis of (-)-usnic acid by Norrestam et al 566) the three hydroxyl hydrogens of the molecule are all involved in strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds and no intermolecular hydrogen bonds were found (see Fig. 4). In an X-ray analysis of +)-2-deacylusnic acid (a biodegradation product of usnic acid) Mac Donald et al. 519) observed the 0-0-distances shown in Fig. 5. Kutney and Sanchez 481) carried out an X-ray analysis of (-)-A "-enaminousnic... 

BPEO means that in practice the same disposable product may end up in any one of the alternative options discussed above. Consequently the material used should ideally be accommodated in any of the procedures used. Thus for example, if a biodegradable product is to be mechanically recycled, it should be capable of being reprocessed at the same temperature as the rest of the polymeric waste. This has proved to be difficult in the case of many bio-based materials. Degradable polyethylene can be recycled normally at polyolefin processing temperatures [10] whereas most hydro-biodegradable polymers depolymerise or scorch at these temperatures and cannot be recycled with commercial synthetic polymers in standard reprocessing equipment. 

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