Powdered detergents

The following test composition indicated Monateric lf-100 s outstanding stability on caustic soda. This formula has been stored for weeks at 95C and for several months at 5qq with little or no change in color or flowability. Detergency and foaming properties were also unaffected. 

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The demand for sodium sulfate leveled off in the first half of the 1990s and is expected to begin to rise again with increased U.S. population and as the demand for kraft paper products and powdered detergents rises. 

Of the sodium sulfate produced in the United States the paper industry consumes 36%, 45% is used in detergents, and 10% in the glass industry (72). Powdered detergents are on the decline in favor of Hquids that do not use sodium sulfate. Since the pulp and paper industry are also using less, the price of sodium sulfate is fluctuating (see Sodium compounds). 

Fig. 6. Washing performance on different soilings of a U.S. liquid detergent (B) and a U.S. powder detergent (H in a Terg-o-tometer operating at 20°C for 10 min one enzyme dosage. EMPA 117 (nulk, blood, and ink on polyester/cotton) EMPA 116 (milk, blood, and ink on 100% cotton) grass on (100% cotton) AS 10 (milk, oil, and pigments on 100% cotton) blood soilings (on 100% cotton).

Pig. 7. Storage stabHity of proteases in European powder detergent with activated bleach system. ( ) Traditional protease (--) protein-engineered... 

Only one detergent lipase, ie, Lipolase introduced by Novo in 1988, has been marketed. The first household powder detergent containing Upase was introduced in Japan in the same year in Europe and the United States in 1990—1991. Lipase is often incorporated into the new compact powder formulations. 

Lauric acid is the main fatty acid used for producing ethanolamides. Monoethanolamides are used primarily in heavy-duty powder detergents as foam stabilizers and rinse improvers. 

Sodium sulfate. Used to dilute powdered detergents. 

Ether carboxylates are used not only in powdered detergents but in liquid laundry detergents for their hard water stability, lime soap dispersibility, and electrolyte stability they improve the suspension stability and rheology of the electrolyte builder [130,131]. Formulations based particularly on lauryl ether carboxylate + 4.5 EO combined with fatty acid salt and other anionic surfactants are described [132], sometimes in combination with quaternary compounds as softeners [133,163]. Ether carboxylates show improved cleaning properties as suds-controlling agents in formulations with ethoxylated alkylphenol or fatty alcohol, alkyl phosphate esters or alkoxylate phosphate esters, and water-soluble builders [134]. 

Okumura [49] in his report A Super Concentrated Heavy Duty Powder Detergent Containing Palm-MES, Production and Performance cites the annual production of MES to be approximately 70,000 tons. New formulations of MES have been successfully introduced in the heavy-duty detergent market, showing excellent detergency performance under normal Japanese washing condi-... 

Air blast fluidisation Air blast lifts and mixes particles Dry powders and granules Milk powder detergents, chemicals... 

The usual fillers for powder detergents are inorganic salts, especially sodium sulfate. Their purpose is to confer the following properties on a detergent ... 

E. Gosselink, Soil release agents in powdered detergents, in M. S. Showell, (ed.), Powdered Detergents, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1998. 

If the new niche for the perfume is its use in cosmetics, toiletries or household product, then the niche-product interaction becomes very important. Perfumes are used specifically for their odor whereas in these new niches several new factors must be considered. For example, the perfume oil used in creams must not cause discoloration the fragrance used in a powdered detergent must be alkali resistant a fabric softener is expected to leave clothes with a pleasant odor and even a household cleanser must have a pleasant and functional odor, although active chlorine places difficulty on the stability of the perfume oil. Of course, decisions can affect or modify the product (perfume) or the niche (e.g. creams). 

Zeolite particles are incorporated into a number of different engineered forms, including smaU spherical parhcles for fluidized bed appHcations and smaU granules for powdered detergents. Larger forms include extruded peUets with various cross-sectional shapes and beads made by bead-forming processes. 

Phosphonates are commonly used in laundry powders at 0.5-1.0% of the powder, DTPMP and EDTMP for all uses and HEDP mostly for hardness ion control. Wash conditions for powder detergents are usually pH 9-10 and typical temperatures of 40-60 °C, although there is a strong drive to reduce this to 30 °C or even to use a cold water wash. 

DISSOLVE 1 g OF YOUR HOMEMADE 50AP IN 50 ml LUKEWARM WATER. ALSO MAKE SOLUTIONS IN 50 ml WATER OF 1 g TOILET SOAP, 1 g SOAP FLAKES, 1 g SOAP POWDER, 1 g POWDERED DETERGENT, AND 1 ml LIQUID DETERGENT. 

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