Isoamyl ether formate

For ethers which boil above the boiling point of the alcohol the procedure is modified. For example, isoamyl alcohol, boiling at 130°, is mixed with sulfuric acid and distilled slowly. Water and xmchanged alcohol pass over as distillate. The water is separated, and the alcohol is returned to the reaction mixture. When very little comes over in the distillate the ether formation is regarded as complete and the ether which boils at 172° may be removed by steam distillation. 

Benzaldehyde Benzophenone Bensophenone Benyl acetate Benzyl acetate Benzyl alcohol Benzyl benzoate Benzyl butyrate Benzyl cinnamate Benzyl formate Benzyl isoamyl ether Cinnamyl propionate Citral... 

Refinements to the Ziegler-Natta catalysts continued, with several attempts to convert brown >8-titanimn trichloride to the active purple y-titanium trichloride at a lower temperature. The objective of this work was an increase in the activity of the catalyst by avoiding the formation of the aluminium trichloride that was isomorphous with the y-titanium trichloride. High temperatures were normally required to reduce the aluminium chloride content, and this led to a reduction in the surface area, and hence, activity. In a development by Solvay, titanium tetrachloride was reduced with aluminum alkyl at about 1°C, before extraction of the co-ciystallized aluminum chloride with either dibutyl- or di-isoamyl ether. The porous -titanium trichloride was then heated with excess titanium tetrachloride at 65-100°C to remove excess ether and to produce high-surface-area (<75 m g ) purple a-titanium trichloride under controlled conditions. ... 

Yields of the primary alkyl acrylates vary somewhat, owing to occasional losses through formation of polymer, but are usually in the range of 85-99%. Some secondary alcohols react very slowly, others readily. The method has been applied to more than fifty alcohols, some of which (with percentage yields) are listed below ethyl, 99% isopropyl, 37% -amyl, 87% isoamyl, 95% -hexyl, 99% 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 95% 2-ethylhexyl, 95% capryl, 80% lauryl, 92% myristyl, 90% allyl, 70% fur-furyl, 86% citronellyl, 91% cyclohexyl, 93% benzyl, 81% (3-ethoxyethyl, 99% /S-(/3-phenoxyethoxy) ethyl (from diethylene glycol monophenyl ether), 88%. 

AI3-00040, see Cyclohexanol AI3-00041, see Cyclohexanone AI3-00045, see Diacetone alcohol AI3-00046, see Isophorone AI3-00050, see 1,4-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00052, see Trichloroethylene AI3-00053, see 1,2-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00054, see Acrylonitrile AI3-00072, see Hydroquinone AI3-00075, see p-Chloro-rrr-cresol AI3-00078, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol AI3-00085, see 1-Naphthylamine AI3-00100, see Nitroethane AI3-00105, see Anthracene AI3-00109, see 2-Nitropropane AI3-00111, see Nitromethane AI3-00118, see ferf-Butylbenzene AI3-00119, see Butylbenzene AI3-00121, see sec-Butylbenzene AI3-00124, see 4-Aminobiphenyl AI3-00128, see Acenaphthene AI3-00134, see Pentachlorophenol AI3-00137, see 2-Methylphenol AI3-00140, see Benzidine AI3-00142, see 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol AI3-00150, see 4-Methylphenol AI3-00154, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol AI3-00262, see Dimethyl phthalate AI3-00278, see Naphthalene AI3-00283, see Di-rj-butyl phthalate AI3-00327, see Acetonitrile AI3-00329, see Diethyl phthalate AI3-00399, see Tributyl phosphate AI3-00404, see Ethyl acetate AI3-00405, see 1-Butanol AI3-00406, see Butyl acetate AI3-00407, see Ethyl formate AI3-00408, see Methyl formate AI3-00409, see Methanol AI3-00520, see Tri-ocresyl phosphate AI3-00576, see Isoamyl acetate AI3-00633, see Hexachloroethane AI3-00635, see 4-Nitrobiphenyl AI3-00698, see IV-Nitrosodiphenylamine AI3-00710, see p-Phenylenediamine AI3-00749, see Phenyl ether AI3-00790, see Phenanthrene AI3-00808, see Benzene AI3-00867, see Chrysene AI3-00987, see Thiram AI3-01021, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether AI3-01055, see 1.4-Dioxane AI3-01171, see Furfuryl alcohol AI3-01229, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone AI3-01230, see 2-Heptanone AI3-01231, see Morpholine AI3-01236, see 2-Ethoxyethanol AI3-01238, see Acetone AI3-01239, see Nitrobenzene AI3-01240, see I idine AI3-01256, see Decahydronaphthalene AI3-01288, see ferf-Butyl alcohol AI3-01445, see Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane AI3-01501, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate AI3-01506, see p,p -DDT AI3-01535, see 2,4-Dinitrophenol AI3-01537, see 2-Chloronaphthalene... 

Ethyl butyrate Isoamyl formate Isobutyl acetate Methyl isovalerate Propyl propionate Propyl ether... 

Synonyms Amyl formate Formic acid, isopentyl ester Isoamyl methanoate Isopentyl alcohol, formate Isopentyl formate 3-Methylbutyl formate 3-Methylbutyl methanoate Empirical C6H12O2 Formula HCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 Properties Colorless liq., plum-like odor sol. in alcohol, oxygenated soivs. misc. with ether, propylene glycol very si. sol. in water insol. in glycerin m.w. 116.16 dens. 0.859 vapor pressure 10 mm (17.1 C) b.p. 123-124 C flash pt. 86 F ref. index 1.3960-1.40... 

Isoamyl isovalerate Isoamyl octanoate Isoamyl phenethyl ether Isoamyl phenylacetate Isoamyl propionate Isoamyl salicylate Isoamyl tiqiate Isoamyl valerate Isobornyl acetate Isobornyl formate Isobornyl isovalerate Isobornyl methyl ether Isobornyl propionate Isobutyl alcohol Isobutyl angelate... 

Hexenal cis-3-Hexenol cis-3-Hexenyl butyrate Hexyl tiglate Homolinalool Homolinalyl acetate Hydrocinnamaldehyde Hydrocinnamic alcohol Hydroxycitronellal diethyl acetal Hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal Hydroxycitronellal methyl anthranilate Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis) oil Isoamyl acetate Isoamyl phenethyl ether Isoamyl salicylate Isobornyl formate Isobutyl anqelate Isobutyl benzoate ,Isobutyl phenylacetate 2-lsobutylquinoline Isobutyl salicylate... 

Dihydromyrcenol Dihydromyrcenyl acetate Dimethyl benzenebutanol 2,4-Dimethyl-3-cyclohexene carboxaldehyde Dimethylcyclohexyl methyl ketone 4,8-Dimethyl-4,9-decadienal 5,9-Dimethyl-4,8-decadienal Ethyl acetoxyhexanoate Ethyl o-anisate Geranyl butyrate Geranyl formate Geranyl nitrile Greenyl acetate Hexahydrohexamethyl cyclopentabenzopyran Homolinalool Homolinalyl acetate Hydroxycitronellal Hydroxycitronellal dimethyl acetal Hydroxycitronellal methyl anthranilate Hydroxymethylheptyl methyl ketone Isoamyl phenethyl ether Isoamyl salicylate Isobornyl acetate 2-lsobutylquinoline a-Isomethylionone... 

Ethyl ether Ethyl formate Ethyl oleate Formamide Formic acid Glycerin Glyceryl caprylate/caprate Glyceryl formal Heptane 2-Hexanone Hexylene glycol Hybrid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl acetate Isobutyl alcohol. 

Isoamyl formate Isobutyl acetate Isopropyl glycidyl ether Isopropyl propionate Methyl isovalerate Methyl 2-methyl butyrate... 

Erlenmeyer found that the butyl alcohol present in fusel oil yields iso-butyric acid (see below) on oxidation, and is therefore isobutyl alcohol, and he also showed that from isobutyl iodide the same valeric acid is obtained as from the amyl alcohol of fusel oil, which is therefore isoamyl alcohol, derived from dimethylethylmethane. Secondary butyl alcohol was first obtained as hydrate de butylene from erythritol by de Luynes. A. Lieben obtained it from zinc ethyl and dichloroethyl ether, and since he found that on oxidation it gives a ketone he recognised it as secondary butyl alcohol. Lieben and A. Rossi obtained normal butyl alcohol from butyric acid, which was converted into butyraldehyde by distilling calcium butyrate and calcium formate, and a solution of this reduced with a large amount of sodium amalgam. They give structural formulae for the four butyl alcohols, with the boiling-points. 

Isobutyl nitrite Butyl alcohol scc-Butyl alcohol t r -Butyl alcohol Ethyl ether Isobutyl alcohol Ethyl sulfide Pyridine Isovaleraldehyde 3-Methyl 2-butanone Isobutyl formate Isopropyl acetate Methyl isobutyrate Isoamyl nitrite tert-Amyl alcohol Isoamyl alcohol... 

Acetophenone Benzyl formate Methyl benzoate Methyl benzoate Phenyl acetate m-Dimethoxybenzene Propyl oxalate 2-Octanone Isoamyl lactate Octyl alcohol Ethyl benzoate Mesitylene Propylbenzene Benzyl ethyl ether Phorone... 

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