Formic acid-Formamide

The Leuckart-Wallach reaction is the oldest method of reductive amination of carbonyl compounds. It makes use of formamide, formic acid or ammonium formate at high temperature. The final product is a formamide derivative, which can be converted to an amine by reduction or hydrolysis. The method has been applied to the preparation of 1,2-diamines with a norbornane framework, which are interesting rigid analogues of 1,2-diaminocyclohexanes. As a matter of fact, starting from N-acetyl-2-oxo-l-norbornylamine 222, the diamide 223 was obtained with excellent diastereoselectivity and then converted to the M-methyl-N -ethyl derivative 224 by reduction with borane [ 104] (Scheme 34). On the other hand, when the reac-... 

Chlorphenyl carbamate. Diethylene glycol Dimethyl formamide Formic acids Hydrocarbon... 

Thus, heating 2-substituted 5-nitrosopyrimidinc-4,6-diamines with formamide, formic acid, and sodium dithionite gives 2-substituted adenines in high yield, e.g. formation of 2-(mcthylsulfanyl)adenine (1). ... 

It is composed of about 25% amylose (anhydrogluco-pyranose units joined by glucosidic bonds) and 75% amylopectin, a branched-chain structure. Properties White, amorphous, powder or granules tasteless. Various crystalline forms may be obtained, including microcrystalline. Irreversible gel formation occurs in hot water swelling of granules can be induced at room temperature with such compounds as formamide, formic acid, and strong bases and metallic salts. 

As regards the ideal energy Vq describing the electron-phase bulk interaction, all solvents, as is seen from Table 2, effectively suck in a delocalized electron (Vg < 0). By the value of [Vgl, all solvents come under two groups. Water, formamide, formic acid (and liquid anunonia form Group One ( Vo > 1 eV). Other solvents fall in Group Two ( Vg < 0.4 eV),... 

This overview analyzes the electron redistribution that takes place in two interacting monomers upon H-bond formation. The systems selected (shown in Fig. 1) focus on the two most important classical H-bonds, O-H- O and N H- O, and cover both donor and acceptor roles of every monomer. They are the following (a) water dimer (WD), (b) methanol water complex (MW), (c) water methanol complex (WM), (d) formic acid dimer (FAD), (e) forma-mide dimer (FD), and (f) formamide-formic acid complex (FFAC). Systems (a)-(c) are bound by one single O-H- 0 bond whereas cyclic dimers (d)-(l) are linked by two H-bonds. In FAD and FD homodimers, both monomers behave simultaneously as donor and acceptor while in the FFAC heterodimer, for-mamide and formic acid play competing roles. 

Recently, the application of microwave conditions to reactions that normally proceed thermally, but with long reaction times, has led to a much-hastened procedure for the Leuckart-Wallach reaction. 9 Loupy et al. have carried out the reductive amination of various aromatic ketones using a 1 3 3 ratio of carbonyl formamide formic acid under microwave irradiation for 30 minutes to produce the corresponding amines in high yields.19 In comparative studies the authors report considerable improvements in yield with microwave use. 

AI3-15357 Amid kyseliny mravenci Carbamaldehyde CCRIS 6240 EINECS 200-842-0 Formamide Formic acid, amide Formimidic acid HSDB 88 Methanamide Methanoic xid, amide NSC 748. Solvent, softener, intermediate in organic synthesis. Liquid mp = 2.55 bp = 220 d = 1.1334 soluble in H2O, organic solvents LDso (rat orl) = 6570 mg/kg. BASF Corp. Fluka Penta Mfg. Sigma-Aldrich Fine Chem. 

Ishii I, Hitchcock AP (1987) A quantitative experimental study of the core exdted electronic states of formamide, formic acid, formylfluoride. J Chem Phys 87 830-839 Ishii I, McLaren R, Hitchcock AP, Robin MB (1987) Inner-shell excitations in weak-bond molecules. J... 

Acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, benzenerwater (1 1), chloroform, cyclohexanone, dichloroacetice acid, dichloromethane, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyUormainide, dimethylsulfoxide, dioxane, ethanol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, formamide, formic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, isopropanol, methanol, 2-methoxyethanol, methyl ether ketone, morphloline, 2,2 -oxydiethanol, 1-penlanol, phenol, 1,2-propanediol, 1-propanol, propylene glycol, pyridine, letrahydrcrfuran, trielhyl phosphate, trifluoroacelic acid, trimelhyl phosphate, water ... 

Ethyl ether Ethyl formate Ethyl oleate Formamide Formic acid Glycerin Glyceryl caprylate/caprate Glyceryl formal Heptane 2-Hexanone Hexylene glycol Hybrid safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) oil Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl acetate Isobutyl alcohol. 

Formamide Formic acid, ammonium formate, water... 

When starch granules are heated in an excess of water (>90 per cent w/w) or of another solvent able to form hydrogen bonding e.g. liquid ammonia, formamide, formic acid, chloroacetic acids and dimethyl sulphox-ide) starch undergoes an irreversible order-disorder transition known as gelatinization or destructuration. This... 

Good solvent acetic acid, benzyl alcohol, chloroacetic acid, DMSO, formamide, formic acid, HCI, HF, H3PO3, H SO, methanol, phenol, sulfur dioxide, trichloroethanol, trifluoroethanol ... 

Formamide-formic acid-acetic acid-water (2 1 3 4) pH 1.4 Conditions... 

Cyclic dicarboxylic anydrides also undergo this reaction. However, it was not until 1962 that White and Emmons first showed the formation of permaleic acid 98. Generally, the reaction is carried out by reacting MA with a concentrated hydrogen peroxide solution in methylene chloride. The reaction is carried out at ice temperature. Other inert solvents such as chloroform, DMF, formamide, formic acid, benzene, and dioxane, have been used. 

Formamide Formic acid Formic acid Furfural Glycerol Glycol... 

Benzil dissolved at 80-90° in formamide, formic acid added followed by portion-wise addition of NaHSOg, and refluxed 3 hrs. 4,5-diphenylimidazole. Y 78%. F. e., also with an aldehyde in place of formic acid without reducing sulfur compounds, s. H. Bredereck, R. Gompper, and D. Hayer, B. 92, 338 (1959). 

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