Isopentyl alcohol, formate

SYNS FEMA No. 2069 FORMIC ACID, ISOPENTYL ESTER ISOAMYL METHANOATE ISOPENTYL ALCOHOL, FORMATE ISOPENTYL FORMATE 3-METHYLBUTYL FORMATE... 

ISOPENTYL ALCOHOL FORMATE (110-45-2) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 73°F/23°C). Violent reaction with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, caustics, aliphatic amines, isocyanates. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

Synonyms cas 110-45-2 formic acid, isopentyl ester isoamyl methanoate isopentyl alcohol, formate ... 

Synonyms Amyl formate Formic acid, isopentyl ester Isoamyl methanoate Isopentyl alcohol, formate Isopentyl formate 3-Methylbutyl formate 3-Methylbutyl methanoate Empirical C6H12O2 Formula HCOOCH2CH2CH(CH3)2 Properties Colorless liq., plum-like odor sol. in alcohol, oxygenated soivs. misc. with ether, propylene glycol very si. sol. in water insol. in glycerin m.w. 116.16 dens. 0.859 vapor pressure 10 mm (17.1 C) b.p. 123-124 C flash pt. 86 F ref. index 1.3960-1.40... 

Isopentyl alcohol, formate. See Isoamyl formate Isopentyl alcohol, nitrite. See Isoamyl nitrite Isopentyi aicohoi, propionate. See Isoamyl propionate... 

Chlorins (2) are undoubtedly the most important dihydroporphyrins, since the chlorin chromophore is found in chlorophylls and some bacteriochlorophylls and, as the magnesium complex, is the catalyst in photosynthesis. The method of choice for formation of trans-chlorins involves reduction of iron porphyrins with sodium in boiling isopentyl alcohol (57JCS3461), but methods involving photochemical reduction of tin(IV) porphyrins, isomerization of phlorins, reduction of metalloporphyrins with sodium anthracenide followed by protonolysis, heating with sodium ethoxide, and photoreductions of zinc(II) porphyrins in the presence of ascorbic acid have also been employed. The best method for formation of c/s-chlorins (note that all natural chlorophylls possess the trans arrangement) appears to... 

Some physical properties and structural features of the normal tetramandelate have been reported. The solubility of the 1 4 mandelato complex in 2 Jlf perchloric acid was determined to be 7.8 x 10" mole/ liter (444), and was found to fall slowly with increasing pH to a minimum of 4 X 10 at pH 3.1, after which it then rose. The change in solubility was accompanied by a change in composition which involved the formation of metal oxo species. In 1958, R. W. Stromatt (540) concluded on the basis of infrared spectroscopy, that the tetramandelates exist as discrete 8-coordinate molecular species. This would seem to be supported by the fact (24) that an organic-soluble species can be extracted from aqueous solutions containing (1.0 to 8) x 10 mole/liter zirconium(IV) in 1 M perchloric acid with an isopentyl alcohol solution of p-bromo-mandelic acid. The normal tetramandelate precipitated from aqueous solution at the usual concentration conditions, however, is very insoluble... 

Isopentyl acetate is prepared by the direct esterification of acetic acid with isopentyl alcohol. Because the equilibrium does not favor the formation of the ester, it must be shifted to the right, in favor of the product, by using an excess of one of the starting materials. Acetic acid is used in excess because it is less expensive than isopentyl alcohol and more easily removed from the reaction mixture. 

Atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) has been used to determine cationic and anionic surfactants indirectly. Two methods have been put forward based on the formation of the ion pair between surfactant and hexanitrocobaltate (for cationic compounds) or bis(benzoyl)pyridine thiosemicarbazone cobalt (III) (for anionic compounds). In the former case, the complex is extracted with 1,3-dicloroethane and in the latter with an isopentylacetate and isopentyl alcohol mixture. Concentration of cobalt is determined in the organic phase using electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ETAAS), while for anionic surfactants, flame atomic absorption spectroscopy (FAAS) can also be used. Interferences like metal ions, anions and organic compounds do not have a great relevance. The two methods were applied to determine dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in shampoos (Chattaraj and Das, 1992) and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) in toothpastes (Chattaraj and Das, 1994). 

Low humidity storage of apples was found to increase the emission of hexyl, isopentyl, and butyl acetate and decrease the corresponding alcohols. The low humidity favored ester formation. Illumination of the apples increased volatile producdion during storage. This increase in volatiles is postulated to be due to the light catalyzing lipid oxidation in the peel. The lipid oxidation products then are metabolized to... 

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