Isobutyl alcohol, oxidation

Isobutyl alcohol, isobutanol, 2-methyl-propanol, isopropyl carbinol, Me2CHCH20H. B.p. 108°C. Occurs in fusel-oil. Oxidized by potassium permanganate to 2-methyl-propanoic acid dehydrated by strong sulphuric acid to 2-methylpropene. 

Isobutyl alcohol [78-83-1] forms a substantial fraction of the butanols produced by higher alcohol synthesis over modified copper—zinc oxide-based catalysts. Conceivably, separation of this alcohol and dehydration affords an alternative route to isobutjiene [115-11 -7] for methyl /-butyl ether [1624-04-4] (MTBE) production. MTBE is a rapidly growing constituent of reformulated gasoline, but its growth is likely to be limited by available suppHes of isobutylene. Thus higher alcohol synthesis provides a process capable of supplying all of the raw materials required for manufacture of this key fuel oxygenate (24) (see Ethers). 

Thus, -butyl [71-36-3] [71-36-3] and isobutyl alcohol [78-83-1] [78-83-1] are obtained by hydrogenation of their respective aldehydes and butyric and isobutyric acid are produced by oxidation. 

Esterification is one of the most important reactions of fatty acids (25). Several types of esters are produced including those resulting from reaction with monohydric alcohols, polyhydric alcohols, ethylene or propylene oxide, and acetjiene or vinyl acetate. The principal monohydric alcohols used are methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, and isobutyl alcohols (26) (see Esterification Esters, organic). 

Iron oxide fiime Isoamyl acetate Isoamyl alcohol Isobutyl acetate Isobutyl alcohol Isophorone... 

Some oxidation to the univalent anion will occur in the recrystallization procedure, but the solvent vapor effectively excludes the air from the boiling solution, particularly if the recrystallization is done in a conical flask. The oxidized product is very soluble in acetone-isobutyl alcohol and does not contaminate the product. Prolonged exposure of the solutions to air is not recommended. 

Isobutyraldehyde, 4 459 14 584 animal toxicty, 4 466t effect of unsaturation on toxicity, 2 69t isobutyl alcohol manufacture from, 4 397 oxidative dehydrogenation of, 16 252 physical properties of, 4 459t quality specifications, 4 465t Isobutyraldol, butyraldehyde derivative, 4 461... 

Indenopyrene, see Indeno[l,2,3-crf pyrene l//-Indole, see Indole Indolene, see Indoline Inexit, see Lindane Inhibisol, see 1,1,1-Trichloroethane Insecticide 497, see Dieldrin Insecticide 4049, see Malathion Insectophene, see a-Endosulfan, p-Endosulfan Intox 8, see Chlordane Inverton 245, see 2,4,5-T lodomethane, see Methyl iodide IP, see Indeno[l,2,3-crf pyrene IP3, see Isoamyl alcohol Ipaner, see 2,4-D IPE, see Isopropyl ether IPH, see Phenol Ipersan, see Trifluralin Iphanon, see Camphor Isceon 11, see Trichlorofluoromethane Isceon 122, see Dichlorodifluoromethane Iscobrome, see Methyl bromide Iscobrome D, see Ethylene dibromide Isoacetophorone, see Isophorone a-Isoamylene, see 3-Methyl-l-butene Isoamyl ethanoate, see Isoamyl acetate Isoamylhydride, see 2-Methylbutane Isoamylol, see Isoamyl alcohol Isobac, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol Isobenzofuran-l,3-dione, see Phthalic anhydride 1,3-Isobenzofurandione, see Phthalic anhydride IsoBuAc, see Isobutyl acetate IsoBuBz, see Isobutylbenzene Isobutane, see 2-Methylpropane Isobutanol, see Isobutyl alcohol Isobutene, see 2-Methylpropene Isobutenyl methyl ketone, see Mesityl oxide Isobutyl carbinol, see Isoamyl alcohol Isobutylene, see 2-Methylpropene Isobutylethylene, see 4-Methyl-l-pentene Isobutyl ketone, see Diisobutyl ketone Isobutyl methyl ketone, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone Isobutyltrimethylmethane, see 2,2,4-Trimethylpentane Isocumene, see Propylbenzene Isocyanatomethane, see Methyl isocyanate Isocyanic acid, methyl ester, see Methyl isocyanate Isocyanic acid, methylphenylene ester, see 2,4-Toluene-diisocyanate... 

UN 1206, see 3,3-Dimethylpentane Heptane UN 1208, see 2,2-Dimethylbutane, 2,3-Dimethylbutane, Hexane, 2-Methylpentane UN 1212, see Isobutyl alcohol UN 1213, see Isobutyl acetate UN 1218, see 2-Methyl-l,3-butadiene UN 1220, see Isopropyl acetate UN 1221, see Isopropylamine UN 1224, see 3-Heptanone, 2-Hexanone, Isophorone UN 1229, see Mesityl oxide UN 1230, see Methanol UN 1231, see Methyl acetate UN 1232, see 2-Butanone UN 1233, see sec-Hexyl acetate... 

Attempts were also made to increase the productivity of isobutyl alcohol by introducing Zr02 to the catalyst that is known to be an isosynthesis component (see Sections 3.2 and 3.5.1) and by adding redox oxides and strong bases.630... 

Flammable Liquid SAFETY PROFILE Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. An insect repellent. Flammable when exposed to heat or flame. Can react with oxidizing materials. When heated to decomposition it emits acrid smoke and fumes. See also ISOBUTYL ALCOHOL. 

Oxidation of R3AI compounds with dioxygen proceeds most efficiently with trialkylaluminum compounds (Scheme 6) and, in cases where the resulting isobutyl alcohol can be tolerated, is an efficient route to primary alcohols (equation 43). ... 

In the oxidation of an alcohol RCH2OH to an aldehyde by chromic acid, the chief side-reaction is formation, not of the carboxylic acid, but of the ester RCOOCH2R. Experiment has shown that a mixture of isobutyl alcohol and isobutyraldehyde is oxidized much faster than either compound alone. Suggest a possible explanation f or these facts. Hint See Sec. 19.9.)... 

The oxidation of isobutyl alcohol was conducted at a temperature of 400° C. at the beginning and at dark red heat throughout the operation. Air at the rate of 3.433 liters per minute carried 1.174 grams of alcohol per liter. The products consisted of aldehyde, equal to a maximum of 52 per cent, carbon monoxide equal to 1.0 per cent, carbon dioxide equal to 3.6 per cent and hydrocarbons equal to 2.4 per cent. The quantity of oxygen was again very largely in excess of that required by theory. 

Amyl alcohol (of fermentation) oxidized under exactly the same conditions as isobutyl alcohol gave practically identical yields of aldehyde and gaseous decomposition products. Air at the rate of 3.306 liters per minute carried 1.22 grams of alcohol per liter. 

ACETATO de ISOBUTILO (Spanish) (110-19-0) Forms explosive mixture with air (flash point 63°F/17°C). Reacts with water, slowly forming acetic acid and isobutyl alcohol. Reacts violently with strong oxidizers. Incompatible with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, caustics, aliphatic amines, nitrates, isocyanates. Dissolves rubber, many plastics, resins, and some coatings. Flow or agitation of substance may generate electrostatic charges due to low conductivity. 

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