Interviews, data collection

The following techniques can be used to collect data about human performance in CPI tasks and provide input to task analysis methods described in Section 4.3. These data can include process information critical for the task, control strategies used by the workers, diagnostic plans etc. A distinction can be made among data collection methods that provide qualitative data (such as interviews, observations, and sources of documentation) and methods that can be used to measure aspects of performance (such as activity analysis, simulations, and information withholding). The latter methods can provide more precise data which can be quantified. 

A range of other data collection techniques are used in conjunction with process simulation such as interviews, the verbal protocols described earlier, walk-throughs and questionnaires. An appropriate analysis of the task is necessary in order to determine the nature of the simulation to be used. An... 

The information gathered from the interviews conducted as part of the human error data collection process is entered on paper forms. In order to facilitate the ease and accuracy of data collection, the forms should be designed using human factors guidelines for written materials (e.g., Wright, 1987 Wright and Barnard, 1975). 

The use of wireless computer systems has gain popularity in data collection for clinical trials. They have been used as a substitute for normal paper-based patient diaries (Koop et al. [19]) to increase data quality and shorten the time needed to close the database. They have also been used for mobile interviewing [20] and for bedside data collection [21]. In patient-directed data entry, subjects are given handheld computers to answer the trial s questions (Clarke et al. [22]). 

If the team contains enough members, it can separate the data collection tasks. For example, two team members can perform personnel interviews, two can identify and preserve physical data and its associated position data, and two can gather electronic and paper data. The individual... 

Focused drug use evaluation (drug utilization review) can be done to identify problems concerning the use of specific medicines or the treatment of specific diseases, particularly in hospitals. The qualitative methods employed in social science (e.g. focus group discussion, in-depth interviews, structured observation and structured questionnaires), can be used to investigate the motives underlying irrational use. All data collected should be used to design interventions and to measure the impact of those interventions on medicine use. 

Standardized data collection — in-person interview — Telephone interview — Self-administered questionnaire — Existing records... 

Use of a standardized methodology for data collection is critical for collecting information for all study subjects, regardless of exposure or disease status. Information must be collected on exposure, outcome, and effect modifiers or confounders. There are several methods available for ascertaining information on exposures and outcomes, such as self-reported data obtained in personal or telephone interviews, self-administered questionnaires, diaries, observation, existing records, actual physical measurements, and collection of biological specimens (Armstrong et al. 1995). 

Interviews were the primary method for data collection. In the four subject Member States, key regulatory officials and stakeholder organisation representatives were asked questions on national chemical risk management and their views of EU regulation1. When analysing national policy and practice, interview data needed to be supplemented and validated by incorporating literature references relating to (Section 2.3.3) ... 

Data set 1 Data collected from 36 interviews with 27... 

The research was conducted in accordance with the Statement of Ethical Practice of the British Sociological Association with regard to informed consent, anonymity and confidentiality. Data collected from the interviews were presented as general statements resulting from the analysis. 

Due to time constraints, only four interviews could be conducted in France but, given the amount of data collected on EU decisionmaking during interviews in Germany, Sweden and the UK and made available by [238], this would probably not compromise the ability to develop a framework for EU decision-making. 

Market research details the information needed to address these issues, designs the method for collecting information, manages and implements the data collection process, analyses the results, and communicates the findings and their implications. This section applies to market research carried out within the framework of various forums including studies, individual and group interviews, and focus groups. 

There are two ways to classify the types of data collected—subjective and objective. Subjective data refer to all information provided by the patient that cannot be confirmed independently. The weakness of subjective data is that it cannot be confirmed, observed, or measured by the interviewer. However, it can be validated by other means. For example, patient compliance with a medication regimen can be supported by talking with a family caregiver however, this is also subjective. 

The basic format of the history interview will apply to all settings, including acute care, long-term care, ambulatory care, and retail, and can be adjusted to the specific needs of that setting. Utilization of patient data collection forms may be useful for documentation purposes and for guiding the flow and consistency of the interview. There are many sources for the format of data collection forms, which are discussed in a later section. 

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