Intervention design

McGorry, P.D., Yung, A.R., Phillips, LJ., et al. Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms. Arch. Gen. Psvchiatrv 59(10), 921-928, 2002. 

PBBs and PBDEs may also cause toxicity by other mechanisms of action. For example, some PBB congeners can be metabolized to reactive arene oxides (Kohli and Safe 1976 Kohli et al. 1978) that may alkylate critical cellular macromolecules and result in injury. PBDEs may disrupt thyroid hormones by induction of hepatic microsomal UDPGT, which increases the rate of T4 conjugation and excretion, or by mimicking T4 or T3 PBDEs and their hydroxy metabolites are structurally similar to these thyroid hormones which are also hydroxy-halogenated diphenyl ethers (see Section 3.5.2). Clinical interventions designed to interfere with this mechanism or the metabolism of PBBs have yet to be developed. 

We can understand consciousness by applying the techniques of modern neuroscience to the study of the brain under those natural and artificial conditions that change the attributes of the brain s consciousness. The natural conditions are those related to the normal sleep-wake cycle and to its pathological vicissitudes. The artificial conditions are those behavioral and pharmacological interventions designed to alter consciousness for a wide variety of experiential and clinical purposes. 

McGorry, P. D., Yung, A. R., Phillips, L. J., Yuen, H. P., Francey, S., Cosgrave, E. M., Germano, D., Bravin, J., McDonald, T., Blair, A., Adlard, S., Jackson, H. 2002, Randomized controlled trial of interventions designed to reduce the risk of progression to first-episode psychosis in a clinical sample with subthreshold symptoms, Arch.Gen.Psychiatry, vol. 59, no. 10, pp. 921-928. 

Interventions designed to prevent substance-use problems just as the early signs of abuse begin to appear. 

Prevention traditionally has been divided into three types of intervention primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary prevention refers to efforts that focus on avoiding substance use or abuse before it occurs. Secondary prevention involves early interventions designed to address substance abuse just as problems are beginning to appear. 

Outlines interventions designed to resolve drug therapy problems. 

Randomised controlled trials have tested whether specific interventions are effective in reducing allergen exposure and whether this reduction leads to a reduction in sensitisation or disease. The second approach is only valid if the first is proven. Unfortunately, despite a huge amount of research, there is no simple allergen avoidance intervention designed to be prescribed or evaluated [214(NC)]. 

General. The median lethal dose of radiation that will kill 50 percent of the exposed persons within a period of 60 days, without medical intervention (designated as LD50/60), is approximately 450 cGy. Medically, other figures of interest are the dose that will kill virtually no one, (LD5), and the dose that will kill virtually every one (LD95). Approximations of those doses are within the ranges 200-300 cGy (free in air) and 600-700 cGy (free in air), respectively. 

Data from India clearly illustrate the impact of IDD across all age groups and the improvement in these disorders with interventions designed to ensure adequate iodine nutrition. 

The nature of chemical education research often dictates that we must work with the students and course organization that we have. Unfortunately this may not be the optimal research design. Many of the studies on interventions designed to improve the learning process do not have the option of using randomized control and treatment groups of students. While there are methods... 

Baril, Raymond, and Diane Berthelette. 2000. Components and Organizational Determirrants of Workplace Interventions Designed to Facilitate Early Return to Work. Etudes et Recherches, report R-263. Montreal Institut de Recherche Robert Sauve en Sante et en Secmite du Travail (IRSST). 

Sari and Kubat (2012) describe a model that provides an index of intervention designed to save maximum life within shortest term and with limited economic resources in case of an earthquake. In the first phase of the model, the definition of the vulnerability and calculations of the number and locations of people in danger are provided. The second phase of the process is the evaluation of the blockage risks of the roads within a network because of the collapsed buildings. Afterwards, predictions of the major routes that people use frequently to reach the city main road network and major destinations in the urban configuration are estimated with space syntax theory. The outputs of the model are the road risk and the index of intervention . Each value provides information for total risk assessment and intervention priorities against the earthquake risk. The model is applied to a case study from Istanbul, Turkey. 

Armstrong, R. et al.. Knowledge translation strategies to improve the use of evidence in public health decision making in local government Intervention design and implementation plan. Implementation Science, 8(1), p. 121, 2013. 

Understanding who commits crimes and why can directly affect the passage of laws and the operations and practices of the criminal justice system, which comprises the agencies authorized to respond to criminal acts (law enforcement, courts, and corrections). Criminological theories can provide the basis for the creation of new and more effective programs and interventions designed to help lower crime rates, thereby making communities safer. 

Intervention design should include data drawn from process safety. This is particularly important. Many organizations do not make the critical distinction between employee safety and process safety. Personal injury and illness rates are considered paramount and process safety data is often neglected. Data from significant operational upsets, design flaws, catastrophic fires and other related variables should inform the strategy. 

Cash transfers are the most direct type of intervention designed to support the poor and have a number of advantages as follows ... 

Heinrich s well-known Law of Safety implicates at-risk behavior as a root cause of most near hits and injuries (Heinrich et al., 1980). Over the past 20 years, various behavior-based research studies have verified this aspect of Heinrich s Law by systematically evaluating the impact of interventions designed to lower employees at-risk behaviors. Feedback from behavioral observations was a common ingredient in most of the successful intervention processes, whether the feedback was delivered verbally, graphically by tables and charts, or through corrective action. See, for example, the comprehensive review by Petersen, 1989, or individual research articles by Chhokar and Wallin, 1984 Geller et al., 1980 Komaki et al., 1980 and Sulzer-Azaroff and De Santamaria, 1980. 

In Chapter 9,1 showed how the Activator-Behavior-Consequence (ABC) model can be used to diagnose the contributing factors to an incident or at-risk behavior and to decide on a plan for corrective action. With this chapter, we begin our discussion of intervention design and implementation to improve safety-related behavior. As such, the ABC model is used as introduced in Chapter 8—-as a framework for designing behavior-change interventions. 

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