International organizations, development standards

Several countries have developed their own standard test methods for cellular plastics, and the International Organization for Standards (ISO) Technical Committee on Plastics TC-61 has been developing international standards. Information concerning the test methods for any particular country or the ISO procedures can be obtained in the United States from the American National Standards Institute. The most complete set of test procedures for cellular plastics, and the most used of any in the world, is that developed by the ASTM these procedures are pubUshed in new editions each year (128). There have been several reviews of ASTM methods and others pertinent to cellular plastics (32,59,129—131). 

FiuaUy, no discussion on poUution prevention would be complete without reference to the ac tivities of the 49-year-old International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ISO recently created Technical Committee 207 (TC 207) to begin work on new standards for environmental management systems (EMS). The ramifications, especiaUy to the chemical iudustiy, which has become heavUy involved in the development of these standards, wUl be great. TC 207 s activities are... 

In 1983, BSI approached the International Organization of Standardization in Geneva with a view to developing an international quality system standard and eventually a committee was formed. Using BS 5750 as its basis, the ISO 9000 series of standards was born. 

The leading organization in the development of standards in the United States is the American National Standards Institute (ANSI). It is the member body representing the United States in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the Pan American Standards Commission (COPANT). ANSI does not write any standards. It promotes standardization, coordinates efforts toward standardization, and approves standards. It annually publishes a list of American... 

Proficiency Testing by Interlaboratory Comparisons - Part 1 Development and Operation of Proficiency Testing Schemes , ISO/IEC Guide 43-1 1997, International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), Geneva, Switzerland, 1997. 

Quality assurance (QA) is a generic term for all activities required to maintain quality in analytical results. These include laboratory management structures and sample documentation procedures, as well as the more practical sample preparation and analysis requirements (as described above). The ISO (International Organization for Standardization) develops standards across a wide range of areas, from screw threads to banking cards. The majority of ISO standards are specific to certain areas they are documented agreements containing technical specifications or precise criteria to be used... 

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) has members in about 100 countries, working to develop common global standards. 

ISO International Organization for Standardization. An international standards-writing body headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, composed of national standards associations from some 55 countries. All member countries are given equal status and are entitled to one vote regardless of size or economic development. Technical work is carried on in committees. 

ISO/IEC (1997), Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons—Part 1 Development and operation of proficiency testing schemes, Guide 43 (Geneva International Organization for Standardization). 

ISO (1994a), Quality systems—Model for quality assurance in design, development, production, installation and servicing, 9001 (Geneva International Organization for Standardization). 

ISO/IEC 43-1 1997 Proficiency testing by interlaboratory comparisons - Part 1. Development and operations and proficiency testing schemes. International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1, Rue de Varentie, Case Postals 56, CH-2111 Geneva 20, Switzerland... 

As a result, the formation of various national standards associations has led to the development of methods for coal evaluation. For example, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has carried out uninterrupted work in this field for many decades, and investigations on the development of the standardization of methods for coal evaluation has occurred in all the major coal-producing countries (Montgomery, 1978 Patrick and Wilkinson, 1978). There are in addition to the ASTM, organizations for methods development and standardization that operate on a national level examples are the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and the British Standards Institution (BS), which covers the analysis of coal under one standard number (BS 1016) (Table 1.2). 

ISO (2008) 16000-25 (under development). Indoor Air-Determination of the Emission of Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds by Building Products-Micro-Chamber Method, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland. 

Complementary to the efforts of SETAC, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (Technical Committee 207, Subcommittee 5) has played a role in LCA improvement since 1994. While SETAC has focused on the development of methodology, the ISO has begun work on its standardization (ISO 14040, 1997 E, ISO 14041, 1998E, ISO 14042, 2000E, and ISO 14043,... 

These same committees have also developed some specifications and practices which reference fire tests (and pass/fail criteria), and also occasionally contain some new fire tests. The NFPA Technical Committee on Fire Tests is the developer of all fire tests for NFPA. Two other international organizations are systematic developers of fire tests, most of which are primarily used in Europe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and IEC. Within ISO and IEC, the key technical committees are ... 

The two most common coal analyses are the proximate analysis and the ultimate analysis. In addition, there are a number of miscellaneous analyses. Many of these tests are empirical, requiring strict adherence to specified conditions. In the United States, the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standardizes these methods. International standards are developed by the International Organization for Standardization. 

ISO (2000), ISO 9001 International Standard Quality Systems — Model for Quality Assurance in Design/Development, Production, Installation and Servicing, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva. 

The ISO 9000 Series was developed in 1987 by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in Geneva, Switzerland. It is a comprehensive set of management standards governing the operation of quality assurance to help develop and document a quality system that is useful for individual companies. 

ISO 11014-1 International Standard for Safety Data Sheets In 1994, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) developed a standard format for safety data sheets to create consistency in providing information on safety, health, and environmental matters for chemical products. In order to establish uniformity, certain requirements are provided as to how information on the chemical product shall be given (the titles and sequence of the headings and section content). The ISO SDS standard uses the 16-heading format. 

Parallel to the development of ISO 14001 1996 - Environmental Management Systems - several organizations developed guides, draft specifications, and requirements for occupational health and safety management systems (OHSMSs). Most of this development has been done by management system registrars with the expectation that an OHSMS be accepted and issued by a national or internationally accredited standards body, that is, International Organization for Standardization (ISO), British Standards, and so on. 

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