Standard format

It was then a natural evolution to express the need of a standard format model for the exchange of nondestructive examination (NDE) data, which can be recognized by all NDT actors and adapted to the main NDT methods. 

In the Encyclopedia, 50 brief articles (each 10—18 pages in length) are presented in a standard format designed for ease of reader access, with straightforward technique descriptions and examples of their practical use. In addition to the articles, there are one-page summaries for every technique, introductory summaries to groupings of related techniques, a complete glossary of acronyms, and a tabular comparison of the major features of all 50 techniques. 

The articles follow a standard format for each technique A clear description of the technique, the range of information it provides, the range of materials to which it is applicable, a few typical examples, and some comparison to other related techniques. Each technique has a quick reference, one-page summary in Chapter 1, consisting of a descriptive paragraph and a tabular summary. 

FSAR - Final Safety Analysis Report (Chapter 15 is the accident analysis section in the FSAR standard format). 

Procedures should follow a standard format, facility-wide. The objective is to avoid errors by ensuring consistency and ease of use. 

The NPRDS is an industry-wide system for monitoring the performance of selected systems and components at U.S. commercial nuclear power plants. Information in NPRDS is derived from a standardized format input report prepared by U.S. nuclear plant licensees. The plants are as)ced to submit failure reports on catastrophic events and degraded failures within the defined reportable scope reporting of incipient events is optional. Command faults are not reportable unless they malce an entire system unavailable. In addition, the plants are as)ced to file component engineering reports on all components within the selected systems and reportable scope. These reports contain detailed design data, operating characteristics, and performance data on the selected systems and components (over 3000 components, from approximately 30 systems, per unit). The selected systems are primarily safety systems. 

A standard format tluit could be followed might incorporate... 

HTS is usually carried out it multiwell plates and the industry has settled on certain standard formats. One key standard is that most screening assays are carried out in 96 (8 12) or 384 (16 24) well plates with a standard footprint. This standard is important because most automation is optimized for use with these plates and attendant assay volumes in the 100 pL range. Furthermore, source plates containing test compound are typically stored in a similar configuration, allowing for more efficient transfer of test compound from the source plate to the assay plate. Various types of plates are available to match different assay formats, including... 

Errors and Inconsistencies in Formatting Dates. It is also necessary to use standardized formats to record dates. For example, Oracle stores a date as the number of seconds since January 1, 4712 BC, and then uses various functions to display the dates in more human-friendly formats. There are many different and personal ways for recording dates one of the authors (AS) has noted at least 25 different ways in a single clinical trial submitted for FDA review Should February 1,2007 be recorded as 1 February 2007,1 Feb 2007, 1 Feb 07, or 02/01/07 This problem still exists when data for numerical dates are extracted into software programs such as Excel that do not force the user to select a unique format for dates. 

The enthalpy change of the formation reaction is just A of N2 O4 A fojmation = A //f (N2 O4) Thus, the molar enthalpy change of the overall reaction can be expressed entirely in terms of standard formation reactions A - r°eaction = A (N2 O4) - 2 A i7f (N O2) The enthalpy change of the overall reaction is the sum of the formation enthalpies of the products minus the sum of the formation enthalpies of the reactants. 

C06-0135. The five stable oxides of nitrogen are NO, NOg, Ng O, Ng O4, and N2 O5. Balance each of the following oxidation reactions, and then use standard formation enthalpies to calculate the heats of reaction per mole of atomic nitrogen for each reaction ... 

There are standard formats for labels, but the standards issued by the EU, USA, Canada and Austraha are all largely incompatible, so it is impossible for a producer to produce a single label that meets all requirements. 

A standard format for the presentation of analytical methods is not obligatory. However, each study should contain such information normally present in complete method descriptions. The list of key points presented in the SANCO Guidance Document d may serve as a guide ... 

A system of document control, including restricting unofficial copying, is required, in order to ensure that only authorized methods are used and that these are the latest revisions. This requires attention to details, such as revision number, who authorized the method, who has amended it, issue date, date of next revision, number of copies and who owns them, etc. A variety of documentation formats are available, but a standard format for method documentation is provided in ISO 78-2 1999 and a layout based on this Standard is provided in the Appendix to this chapter [18]. 

A more refined form of accident reports is an accident database, where all the reports are presented in a standardized format. Extensive databanks have already been collected from accident reports (Anon, 1996). This kind of standardized format allows easier retrieval of accident information also by computerized means. 

In the standard format used for each Chemical agent on the following pages, the following definitions apply. 

A variable (mass, length, velocity, etc.) is written in a standard format, according to Equation (1.2) ... 

MSDSs should be available from material suppliers. An Internet search will generally turn up MSDSs for most commercially available hazardous substances, but the above list of limitations, as well as technical and legal liabilities, must be kept in mind. Some companies subscribe to a service that provide MSDSs in a standard format. 

The CAMPUS Plastics Database, covering some 40 manufacturers grades of materials, provides data to a standard format in accordance with ISO 10350 [11] and ISO 11403 [12]. It is available from participating manufacturers and through www.campusplastics.com. Singlepoint properties listed include creep modulus after 1 h and 1,000 h and thermal expansion. Multi-point data listed include creep modulus at five temperatures. The CAMPUS website provides addresses and telephone numbers from which data to the agreed format may be obtained, and links to some manufacturers websites directly. 

Every activity in the laboratory should be assessed for the potential hazards involved and all the relevant information should be presented in a standard format known variously as procedure hazard forms or material safety data... 

Another continuing project on aqueous nonelectrolytes is the International Data Series B. The editor is Dr. J. A. Larkin of the National Physical Laboratory in England. It is published in the form of supplements of loose-leaf sheets and issued at irregular intervals of a few months. Each sheet is prepared and submitted by an author or authors. The data are presented in a standard format and must follow certain rules with regard to kind of properties, style, units, and kind of auxiliary information to be included. Standard table formats have been designed for each kind of property included. Each table is reviewed by an editor specially selected from an international panel. 

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