Inspections maintenance systems

Up-to-day reliability requirements as applied to NPP strength maintenance govern development of new generation of computerized systems for in-service inspection. These systems in parallel with capabilities of ordinary ultrasonic techniques allow to reconstruct high resolution image of inner flaw and increase available amount of information. 

Gas turbines, like other mechanical devices, require inspection, maintenance, and service. Maintenance costs include the combustion system, hot-gas path, and major inspections. (See Chapter 21.) The effect of fuel type on maintenance costs is shown in Table 12-8. A cost factor is shown using natural gas as unity. The cost of maintenance is subject to great variations. Recognizing the great difficulty in establishing expected maintenance costs... 

The innovative features, such as passive, gravity-driven ECCS, simplified RCS, digital I C, optimized plant arrangement, and modular construction methods, characterize the AP600 design. These changes result in fewer systems, equipment, operations, inspections, maintenance, and QA requirements (Table 6.1-7). Features of the AP-6(K) are as follows ... 

The software program provided with each predictive maintenance system is the heart of a successful program. It is also the hardest to evaluate before purchase. The methodology used by vendors of predictive maintenance systems varies greatly. Many appear to have all of the capabilities required to meet the demands of a total plant predictive maintenance program. However on close inspection, usually after purchase, they are found to be lacking. 

Even if no deficiencies exist, it is important to realise at the design stage that if a protective coating system is to be used as part or whole means of corrosion control, there must be a downstream commitment to inspection/ maintenance/renewal of the coating system, as appropriate to the particular operating life of the coating system. 

HVAC maintenance and Inspection HVAC systems need to be properly maintained and periodically inspected. Isolated access recommended Standard operating procedures (SOP) should be developed to ensure this transpires... 

In the final part of the book, focal points are financial considerations (Chapter 9), inspection, maintenance and repair of explosion protected apparatus (Chapter 10), apparatus for installation in zone 0 and in zone 2 (Chapter 11) and cable protection systems, especially for underground installations in coal mines (Chapter 12). 

But, all of these obvious technical pipeline considerations are sometimes overh>oked, and many of the most infamous incidents have involved poor practices in piping design, in operations, or in piping maintenance systems. The American Insurance Association states Piping hazards are often underrated as compared to pressure vessels although the history of failures does not warrant this... . Piping systems should be located in. serviceable areas. They should be constructed in accordance with appropriate code requirements and inspected by appropriate means.. .. [20]... 

Depth and rigor of management systems (types/frequency of inspections/ maintenance, shipment tracking, stewardship efforts, etc.)... 

OTEC plant system characteristics OTEC plant system overall layout Land-hased containment system (LCBS) design Power system design Water ducting design Asset acquisition Project achedule OTEC plant system deployment LBCS deployment Inspection, maintenance and repair Safety analysis... 

Operation of facilities within established parameters is essential to control risk. This requires procedures, structured inspection and maintenance systems, reliable safety systems and control devices, clean and tidy facilities, and qualified personnel who execute these procedures and practices consistently. 

Corrective maintenance is carried out after failures and intends to put the system back into function with the minor delay. Nevertheless, failures can occur and sometimes are not instantly detected but require some type of test to be discovered. These are known as unrevealed failures and take place in systems that are not in continuous operation hut alternate operating and idle periods. Safety systems may imdergo failures of this type. If a failure takes place while the system is not operating, it will remain undetected unless we inspect the system during the out-of-work periods. Otherwise the system will not be available when needed. 

Inspection, refueling, and maintenance test facility (engineering). Reactor inspection, maintenance, and refueling operations will occur at high temperatures relative to sodium-cooled reactors. At the same time, molten salts are transparent and allow for the use of optical systems. There has been limited experience with lead-cooled reactors in the chemical industry at these temperatures. A facility is required to develop the technology and test designs for these operations. 

A validation master plan that contains concepts of qualification, requalification, risk assessment, validation, maintenance, periodic inspections, and system retirement is kept. 

The System 80+ class IE Auxiliary Power System is designed in compliance with GDC 8 (Reference 4) so that inspection, maintenance, calibration and testing can be carried out with a minimum of interference with operation of the nuclear unit, as described in CESSAR-DC Section 8.3.1.1.3.2. Redundancy of design allows one system to be taken out of service for testing, and breakers can be racked out to the test position for this purpose. Indication of the system unavailability is provided in the control room. 

Indeed, a planned maintenance system is essential to the continued safe operation of a range of plant and equipment, as well as meeting both general and specific legislative requirements — e.g. statutory inspections. 

Over the projected life of the structure, the total cost of maintaining the structure, including the costs of inspection, maintenance, and repair, easily can exceed the initial cost. Economic analyses such as the discounted cash flow method allow the designer to minimize the annual cost of ownership of a system by balancing the various costs involved. In many cases, reduction in maintenance through... 

Rational design and materials selection must be based on an economic analysis of alternatives. In order to determine the actual costs of the alternatives, projected system life and the need for inspection, maintenance, and repair costs must be known. While there is a great deal of information available on the performance of a wide variety of materials in marine environments, these data are difficult to apply to the projection of system life. Most of the quantitative information on corrosion performance is for isolated specimens and does not address the interzone interactions and effect of design features that occur on real structures. Most of the limited amount of published information derived from the evaluation of actual structures is not quantitative and thus is difficult to use in the design of new structures. 

The slope downwards on the left represents the decrease in faults (increase in reliability) during the commissioning, ramp-up, run-in or teething period. The flat base represents the period of sustained low fault operation (chance failure). The upward curve on the right represents the steady increase in faults (decrease in reliability) as equipment or a system reaches the end of its useful life. Obviously design, planned inspection, maintenance or parts replacement can have an impact on various parts of the curve. 

Show that performance is measured against those performance standards as part of the company s inspection, maintenance, and safety management systems. That there is a periodic review of the FSA process by which the performance standards were established and maintained, including checks that the right things are being measured. 

Inspections and even thorough examinations are not substitutes for properly maintaining equipment. The information gained in the maintenance work, inspections and thorough technical examinations should inform one another. A maintenance log should be kept and be up to date. The whole maintenance system will require proper management systems. The maintenance frequency will depend on the equipment, the conditions in which it is used and the manufacturer s instructions. 

Almost 25% of all reportable electrical accidents involve portable electrical equipment (known as portable appliances). While most of these accidents were caused by electric shock, over 2000 fires each year are started by faulty cables used by portable appliances, caused by a lack of effective maintenance. Portable electrical tools often present a high risk of injury, which is frequently caused by the conditions under which they are used. These conditions include the use of defective or unsuitable equipment and, indeed, the misuse of equipment. There must be a system to record the inspection, maintenance and repair of these tools. 

Static discharge Number of static discharges - not detectable Number of times inspection of system maintenance overdue/ shows failures. Number of times job observations (tell me/show me) on tank dipping are completed on time. 

Establish maintenance systems for critical process-related equipment, including written procedures, employee training, appropriate inspections, and testing of such equipment to ensure ongoing mechanical integrity. 

A planned preventive maintenance system for the fixed installation should be drawn up and should include frequent visual inspections and combined inspections and tests (lEE Guidance Note No. 3 recommends a maximum of three months between the inspections and between combined inspections and tests). The aim is to detect damage and defects which may create danger and which should be repaired immediately. If repairs have to be deferred, the defective apparatus should not continue in use but should be disconnected from the system until it has been made good. 

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