Insect growth

Insect Growth Regulators. These compounds (40—45), unlike most conventional insecticides, interfere with biochemical processes that are unique to arthropods eg, molting, ecdysis, and formation of the chitinous exoskeleton. Therefore, they are selective insecticides with very low mammalian toxicity. 

Slow release formulations incorporate nonpersistent compounds, eg, methyl parathion, insect growth regulators, and sex pheromones, in a variety of granular, laminated, microencapsulated, and hoUow-ftber preparations. 

Many pesticides cause endocrine disruption in vertebrate and invertebrate species at concentrations that are not overtly metabolically toxic. The insect growth inhibitor diflubenzuron can affect the reproduction, development and behaviour of estuarine crustaceans at concentrations of just lOmgP (reviewed... 

Jaffe, H., Miller, J. A., Giang, P. A., Hayes, D. K., and Stroud, B. H., Implantable System for delivery of insect growth regulation to livestock, in Controlled Release of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals (D. H. Lewis, ed.). Plenum Press, New York, 1980, pp. 303-310. 

An insect growth regulator, used to control early instar larvae of Homoptera, Lepidoptera, and Coleoptera in citrus, cotton, and vines and fruiting vegetables The residue of concern is for the parent, fenoxycarb, only... 

Stable in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions Pale yellowish solid, faint characteristic odor Flash point 119°C (Pensky-Martens closed tester) Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator which acts both as an ovacide and as an inhibitor of development (juvenile hormone mimic) against white flies, scale, and psylla. The specificity of pyriproxyfen, and its low mammalian toxicity, allow for some variation in application timing. For example, the lack of toxicity to bees allows pyriproxyfen to be applied during bloom on apple trees, and its low mammalian toxicity allows for a very short pre-harvest interval on citrus The residue definition is for pyriproxyfen alone... 

This gives an example of fate modeling in which the risks of an insect growth inhibitor, CGA-72662, in aquatic environments were assessed using a combination of the SWRRB and EXAMS mathematical models.. Runoff of CGA-72662 from agricultural watersheds was estimated using the SWRRB model. The runoff data were then used to estimate the loading of CGA-72662 into the EXAMS model for aquatic environments. EXAMS was used to estimate the maximum concentrations of CGA-72662 that would occur in various compartments of the defined ponds and lakes. The maximum expected environmental concentrations of CGA-72662 in water were then compared with acute and chronic toxicity data for CGA-72662 in fish and aquatic invertebrates in order to establish a safety factor for CGA-72662 in aquatic environments. 

The major objective of this presentation is to illustrate how an environmental risk assessment of a chemical can be made using mathematical models which are available at the present time. CGA-72662, a CIBA-GEIGY insect growth inhibitor, is used as an example to show how a risk assessment can be carried out using the SWRRB runoff model coupled to the EXAMS fate model. 

The l,2-diacyl-l-/-butylhydrazines have been found to be effective as insect-growth regulators. Caged bicyclic phosphates have also shown promise as insecticides. Wang and Huang have combined these effects in the synthesis of compounds 266 and 267 <2000PS(161)173>. Compounds 268 and 269 have been synthesized for their potential... 

Kaolin clay Surround Apple maggot, leafhopper, pear psylla, plum curculio Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide, insect growth regulator... 

Action Insecticide, larvicide, ovicide insect growth regulator acting by interference with deposition of insect chitin... 

Ali, A. and J. Lord. 1980a. Impact of experimental insect growth regulators on some nontarget aquatic invertebrates. Mosquito News 40 564-571. 

Ali, A. and M.S. Mulla. 1978. Impact of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron on invertebrates in a residential-recreational lake. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 7 483-491. 

Cecil, H.C., R.W. Miller, and C. Corley. 1981. Feeding three insect growth regulators to white leghorn hens residues in eggs and tissues and effects on production and reproduction. Poultry Sci. 60 2017-2027. 

Christiansen, M.E. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1982. Ultrastructural study of the exoskeleton of the estuarine crab Rithropanopeus harrisii effect of the insect growth regulator dimilin (diflubenzuron) on the formation of the larval cuticle. Mar. Biol. 66 217-226. 

Christiansen, M.E., E. Gosling, and M.A. Williams. 1984. Effect of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron (dimilin) on the uptake of glucose and V-acetylglucosamine into the cuticle of crab larvae. Mar. Biol. 83 225-230. 

Ellgaard, E.G., J.T. Barber, S.C. Tiwari, and A.L. Friend. 1979. An analysis of the swimming behavior of fish exposed to the insect growth regulators, methoprene and diflubenzuron. Mosquito News 39 311-314. 

Farlow, J.E., T.P. Breaud, C.C. Steelman, and P.E. Schilling. 1978. Effects of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron on non-target aquatic populations in a Louisiana intermediate marsh. Environ. Entomol. 7 199-204. 

Forward, R.B., Jr. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1978. Sublethal effects of insect growth regulators upon crab larval behavior. Water Air Soil Pollut. 9 227-238. 

Giga, D.P. 1987. Evaluation of the insect growth regulators cyromazine and diflubenzuron as surface sprays and feed additives for controlling houseflies Musca domestica (L.) in chicken manure. Inter. Pest Contr. 29 66-69. 

Mulla, M.S., G. Majori, and H.A. Darwazeh. 1975. Effects of the insect growth regulator Dimilin or TH 6040 on mosquitos and some nontarget organisms. Mosquito News 35 211-216. 

Rodrigues, C.S. and N.K. Kaushik. 1986. Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron against black fly (diptera simulidae) larvae and its effects on nontarget stream invertebrates. Canad. Entomol. 118 549-558. 

Schooley, D.A. and G.B. Quistad. 1979. Metabolism of insect growth regulators in aquatic organisms. Pages 161-176 in M.A.Q. Khan, J.J. Lech, and J.J. Menn (eds.). Pesticide and Xenobiotic Metabolism in Aquatic Organisms. Amer. Chem. Soc., Sympos. Ser. 99, Washington, D.C. 

Tester, RA. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1981. Effect of insect growth regulator dimilin (TH 6040) on fecundity and egg viability of the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5 297-302. 

Methoprene is an insect growth regulator and it is also used as an insecticide for cockroaches. The enantioselective isomerization of 7-methoxygeranylamine in the presence of [Rh((+)-BINAP)2]+ followed by acid hydrolysis provides the intermediate, 7-methoxycitronellal, in high yield with high optical purity (97%, 98% ee, Scheme 6).9 Alternatively, methoxylation of ( -citronellalenamine (98% ee) with methanol in the presence of 97% sulfuric acid followed by hydrolysis gives 7-methoxycitronellal in 79% yield without racemiza-tion (Scheme 6).9... 

An aerosol formulation of the insect growth regulator hydroprene (Gen-trol) was labeled several years ago for use in the United States. There are no research reports with hydroprene aerosol, except for Bell and Edwards (1998), which describe a study conducted in Great Britain. In this study, aerosol applications of hydroprene (Protrol) prevented the development of eggs of the red flour beetle, T. castaneum, the confused flour beetle, T. confusum, and the almond moth, C. cautella, that had been placed in exposed dishes with food media. 

Dales, MJ. 1994. Controlling insect pests of stored products using insect growth regulators and insecticides of microbial origin, NRI Bull. No. 64. National Resources Institute, Chatham, UK. 

Metabolism of Insect Growth Regulators in Aquatic Organisms... 

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