Marine copepod

Markova, S. V., et al. (2004). Cloning and expression of cDNA for a luciferase from the marine copepod Metridia longa. J. Biol. Chem. 279 3212-3217. 

Bechmann, R.K. 1994. Use of life tables and LC50 tests to evaluate chronic and acute toxicity effects of copper on the marine copepod Tisbe furcata (Baird). Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 13 1509-1517. 

Hirota, R., J. Asada, S. Tajima, and M. Fujiki. 1983. Accumulation of mercury by the marine copepod Acartia clausi. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 49 1249-1251. 

U ren, S.C. 1983. Acute toxicity of bis(tributyltin)oxide to a marine copepod. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 14 303-306. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). 1986. Initiation of a special review of certain pesticide products containing tributyltins used as antifoulants availability of support document. Federal Register 51(5) 778-779. 

Mixtures of zinc and copper are generally acknowledged to be more-than-additive in toxicity to a wide variety of aquatic organisms, including oyster larvae (Sprague 1986), marine fishes (Eisler and Gardner 1973 Eisler 1984), freshwater fishes (Skidmore 1964 Hilmy etal. 1987b) and amphipods (de March 1988), and marine copepods (Sunda et al. 1987 Verriopoulos and Dimas 1988). But Zn-Cu mixtures were less-than-additive in toxicity to marine amphipods (Allorchestes compressa Ahsanullah et al. 1988). 

Lead-zinc mixtures were more-than-additive in toxicity to marine copepods (Verriopoulos and Dimas 1988) and significantly delayed development of mud crab (Rithropanopeus harrissii) larvae (USEPA 1987). Lead is accumulated up to 10 times more rapidly by marine fishes at elevated zinc concentrations in seawater (Eisler 1981). 

Nickel-zinc mixtures were additive in toxicity to marine copepods (Verriopoulos and Dimas 1988) and to the three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus Skidmore 1964). 

Chromium-zinc mixtures were more-than-additive in toxicity to Tisbe holothuriae, a marine copepod. Zinc in combination with chromium was more toxic to copepods than were mixtures of zinc with copper, lead, nickel, or cadmium (Verriopoulos and Dimas 1988). 

Sunda, W.G., P.A. Tester, and S.A. Huntsman. 1987. Effects of cupric and zinc ion activities on the survival and reproduction of marine copepods. Mar. Biol. 94 203-210. 

Verriopoulos, G. and M. Moraitou-Apostolopoulou. 1989. Toxicity of zinc to the marine copepod Tisbe holothuriae, the importance of the food factor.Arch. Hydrobiol. 114 457-463. 

Tester, RA. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1981. Effect of insect growth regulator dimilin (TH 6040) on fecundity and egg viability of the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5 297-302. 

Time to depurate or biotransform 50% of accumulated PAHs (Tb 1/2) varied widely. Tb 1/2 values for Daphnia pulex and all PAH compounds studied ranged between 0.4 and 0.5 h (Southworth et al. 1978). In rainbow trout given an intraarterial injection of 10 mg/kg BW of 2-methylnaphtha-lene, fluorene, or pyrene, the Tb 1/2 values ranged between 9.6 and 12.8 h when route of exposure was intragastric and doses were 50 mg/kg BW, there was negligible uptake (Kennedy and Law 1990). For marine copepods and naphthalene, a Tb 1/2 of about 36 h was recorded (Neff 1982a). 

At 100 pg As+5/L, marine copepods died and goldfish behavior was impaired (Table 28.4). 

Marine copepods, 3 species May 6,1986 whole organism vs. fecal pellets ... 

Colin SP, Dam HG (2005) Testing for resistance of pelagic marine copepods to a toxic dinoflagellate. Evol Ecol 18 355-377... 

Forget, J., Pavilion, J.F., Menasria, M.R., and Bocquene, G. Motality and LC50 values for several stages of the marine copepod Tigriopus brevicornis (Muller) exposed to the metals arsenic and cadmium and the pesticides atrazine, carbofuran, dichlorvos, and malathion, Ecotoxlcol. Environ. Saf., 40(3) 239-244, 1998. 

Lee, R. F. and Hirota, J. (1973). Wax esters in tropical zooplankton and nekton and the geographical distribution of wax esters in marine copepods. Limnology Oceanography 18, 227-239. 

Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. and G. Verriopoulos. 1982a. Individual and combined toxicity of three heavy metals, Cu, Cd and Cr for the marine copepod Tisbe holothuriae. Hydrobiologia 87 83-87. Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. and G. Verriopoulos. 1982b. Toxicity of chromium to the marine planktonic copepod Acartia clausi, Giesbrecht. Hydrobiologia 96 121-127. 

ISO (1999) Water quality - Determination of acute lethal toxicity to marine copepods (Copepoda, Crustacea). International Organization for Standardization, TC 147/SC 5. 

Three bioassays a) 48h acute rotifer test (Brachionus plicatilis) b) 120d chronic sea anemone test (Aiptasia pallida) c) Acute (48h) and chronic (19d) marine copepod test (Acartia tonsa) MSWI bottom and fly ash leachates Column and batch leaching tests with ocean water and acidic artificial rain... 

Sibly RM, Williams TD, Jones MB. 2000. How environmental stress affects density dependence and carrying capacity in a marine copepod. J Appl Ecol 37 388-397. 

Tang, K., Damm, H., and Visscher, P.T. (1999) Dimethysulfoniopropionate (DMSP) in marine copepods and its relation with diets and salinity. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 179, 71-79. 

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