Insect growth regulation hormones

Stable in acidic, neutral and basic aqueous solutions Pale yellowish solid, faint characteristic odor Flash point 119°C (Pensky-Martens closed tester) Pyriproxyfen is an insect growth regulator which acts both as an ovacide and as an inhibitor of development (juvenile hormone mimic) against white flies, scale, and psylla. The specificity of pyriproxyfen, and its low mammalian toxicity, allow for some variation in application timing. For example, the lack of toxicity to bees allows pyriproxyfen to be applied during bloom on apple trees, and its low mammalian toxicity allows for a very short pre-harvest interval on citrus The residue definition is for pyriproxyfen alone... 

Riddiford, L. M., and J. W. Truman, Biochemistry of insect hormones and insect growth regulators. In Biochemistry of Insects. New York Academic Press, 1978. 

The pest mosquito Aedes nigromacul Ls of the vast San Joaquin valley of California went resistant to organochlorines by 1951, to parathion by 1960, to fenthion by 1965, and to chlorpyrifos (Dursban) by 1970. At present reliance is placed on larvicidal oils, the juvenile-hormone mimic methoprene (Altosid) and the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron (Dimilin), — and on better management of surplus irrigation water. Residual sprays for housefly control, at first so spectacular with the organochlorines, had to move into the OP compounds, which were then knocked out in... 

The multiresistant strains now extant also show a certain cross-tolerance, but not resistance, to the third-generation insecticides such as the juvenile-hormone mimics and other so-called insect growth regulators, as was found in strains of the housefly, flour beetle and tobacco budworm. Resistance to the JH mimic methoprene and Monsanto-585 has been induced by laboratory selection of Culex taxsalis (28) and Culex pipiens (29), and to Monsanto-585 in Culex quinquefasstatus (30). Whatever insect or IGR is chosen, the result of exposure to selective doses in successive generations is usually the development of resistance, repeating our previous experience with chemosterilants, and the... 

In contrast with the present limited range of applications for insect growth regulators with JH activity, Bowers states that "a hormone antagonist or anti-hormone would be a more efficacious insecticide ... 

Nonneurotoxic insect growth regulator with contact and stomach action. Exhibits a strong juvenile hormone activey, inhibiting metamorphosis to the adult stage and interfere with the moulting of early instar larvae... 

Generation III. These compounds often mimic some feature of the insect s natural hormones. These include pheromones, insect growth regulators, and other compounds that simulate these natural products. 

Methoprene simulates a mosquito growth-regulating hormone. When the mosquito larvae are exposed to this compound, the insects fail to change to an adult. This compound is specific to mosquitoes and is nontoxic and environmentally friendly. 

The Control of Insect Growth" symposium, organized by Julius Menn, highlighted recent advances in the biochemistry of regulation of development by insect growth regulators, anti juvenile hormones, and behavior modification governed by antifeedants, pheromones, and defensive secretions. 

Precautions Since humans do not have the same chemical processes as insects, insect growth regulators are considered among the safest of pest-control products. They don t irritate the skin or eyes, and since the growthregulating hormones must be eaten by the pests to be effective, they are not as likely to affect beneficial and nontarget insects. 

CAS 8003-34-7. Any of a group of insect growth regulators that act as neurotoxins, analogous to juvenile hormones, restricting the development of insect larvae. Thus they are especially effective against insects that are destructive in the adult stage. They are considered nontoxic to animals and humans. 

With a number of juvenile hormone analogues it could be shown that the concept of insect control by interaction with their hormone system is valid (28, 29). In view of the slow progress with compounds affecting the hormone system of ecdysteroids (30) the introduction of brassinosteroids may give some new impetus to the search for ecdysteroid-based insect growth regulators. 

Staal, G.B. (1975) Insect growth regulators with juvenile hormone activity. Annual Review of Entomology 20, 417-460. 

In addition to pheromones (vide infra), we were interested in juvenile hormones (JHs), and synthesized ( )-juvabione [12] and (-t-)-juvabione [13-14]. JH mimics were later found to be useful as practical insect growth regulators (IGRs). We synthesized ( )-JH I [15], (-i-)-JH I [16] and unnatural (-)-JH I [17]. The naturally occurring (-i-)-JH I was 1.2 x lO times more active than (-)-JH I. Chirality plays an important role at JH receptor sites. 

Jacobson M, Redfern RE, Mills GDjr (1975) Naturally occurring insect growth regulators. - III. Echinolone, a highly active juvenile hormone mimic from Echinacea angustifolia roots. Lloydia 38 473-476... 

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