Insect growth regulators, effect

The l,2-diacyl-l-/-butylhydrazines have been found to be effective as insect-growth regulators. Caged bicyclic phosphates have also shown promise as insecticides. Wang and Huang have combined these effects in the synthesis of compounds 266 and 267 <2000PS(161)173>. Compounds 268 and 269 have been synthesized for their potential... 

Cecil, H.C., R.W. Miller, and C. Corley. 1981. Feeding three insect growth regulators to white leghorn hens residues in eggs and tissues and effects on production and reproduction. Poultry Sci. 60 2017-2027. 

Christiansen, M.E. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1982. Ultrastructural study of the exoskeleton of the estuarine crab Rithropanopeus harrisii effect of the insect growth regulator dimilin (diflubenzuron) on the formation of the larval cuticle. Mar. Biol. 66 217-226. 

Christiansen, M.E., E. Gosling, and M.A. Williams. 1984. Effect of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron (dimilin) on the uptake of glucose and V-acetylglucosamine into the cuticle of crab larvae. Mar. Biol. 83 225-230. 

Farlow, J.E., T.P. Breaud, C.C. Steelman, and P.E. Schilling. 1978. Effects of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron on non-target aquatic populations in a Louisiana intermediate marsh. Environ. Entomol. 7 199-204. 

Forward, R.B., Jr. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1978. Sublethal effects of insect growth regulators upon crab larval behavior. Water Air Soil Pollut. 9 227-238. 

Mulla, M.S., G. Majori, and H.A. Darwazeh. 1975. Effects of the insect growth regulator Dimilin or TH 6040 on mosquitos and some nontarget organisms. Mosquito News 35 211-216. 

Rodrigues, C.S. and N.K. Kaushik. 1986. Laboratory evaluation of the insect growth regulator diflubenzuron against black fly (diptera simulidae) larvae and its effects on nontarget stream invertebrates. Canad. Entomol. 118 549-558. 

Tester, RA. and J.D. Costlow, Jr. 1981. Effect of insect growth regulator dimilin (TH 6040) on fecundity and egg viability of the marine copepod Acartia tonsa. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 5 297-302. 

The presence of a sensitive life stage or period may also be one of the causes of latency. For example, the effects of diflubenzuron (an insect growth regulator) on aquatic macroinvertebrates were not observed until molting began, some 2 to 4 weeks after a single exposure (Hurd et al. 1996). When larvae of the trichopteran Limnephilus lunatus were exposed for 1 hour to 0.1 pg/L fenvalerate, and subsequently placed in contaminant-free artificial streams, there were few mortalities, but a delay in development and emergence was observed (Liess and Schulz 1996). In aquatic ecosystems that periodically dry out in summer, such a delay in development time may have severe consequences for population survival (Liess 1998). 

The effect of these resistances has been to drive chemical control from one insecticide to the next. In most parts of the Nile delta the cotton leafworms can still be controlled by some OP compound, such as chlorpyrifos, supplemented where necessary with the insect growth regulator Dimilin. But in southern Texas, Mexico, Nicaragua and Peru the multiple resistances of the tobacco budworm, and to a less extreme degree of H. zea and Spodoptera sunia, have made even 20 insecticide applications a season quite worthless, and indeed there is less damage to the cotton if no chemicals are applied at all. The only materials that can be relied upon to kill these multiresistant H. viresoens are the dichlorovinyl pyrethroid NRDC-143 and the Heliothis nuclear polyhedrosis virus. 

Methoprene is a long chain hydrocarbon ester active as an insect growth regulator. It is effective against several insect species. Formulations include slow-release briquets, sprays, foggers, and baits. 

Precautions Since humans do not have the same chemical processes as insects, insect growth regulators are considered among the safest of pest-control products. They don t irritate the skin or eyes, and since the growthregulating hormones must be eaten by the pests to be effective, they are not as likely to affect beneficial and nontarget insects. 

CAS 8003-34-7. Any of a group of insect growth regulators that act as neurotoxins, analogous to juvenile hormones, restricting the development of insect larvae. Thus they are especially effective against insects that are destructive in the adult stage. They are considered nontoxic to animals and humans. 

Besides aroma chemicals, we are supplying key intermediates for the synthetic insect growth regulators, (S)-3,7-dimethyl-l-octanal 18a and (S)-7-methoxy-citronellal 18b, on 100 ton scales each. Hydropren 19a is effective for mosquitoes and Methopren 19b is used for controlling cockroach, where only (S)-forms are active (Fig.3). 

Downing, A.S., Wright, C.G. and Farrier, M.H. (1990) Effects of five insect growth regulators on laboratory populations of the North American house-dust mite Der-matophagoides farinae. Experimental and Applied Acarology 9, 123-130. 

Kawada, H. and Hirano, M. (1996) Insecticidal effects of the insect growth regulators methoprene and pyriproxyfen on the cat flea (Siphonaptera Pulicidae). Journal of... 

Thompson HM, Wilkins S, Battersby AH, Waite RJ, Wilkinson D. 2005. The effects of four insect growth-regulating (igr) insecticides on honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) colony development, queen rearing and drone sperm production. Ecotoxicology 14 757-769. 

Tornier, I. (2001). Side effects of an insect growth regulator on bumble-bees and honey-bees. In Hazards of Pesticides to Bees, Vol. 98 (Belzunces, L., Pelissier, C. and Lewis, G., Eds). INRA, p. 299. 

---