Apple maggot

The male Mediterranean fmit fly Ceratitis capitata is similarly attracted to the terpenoid a-copaene [3856-25-5] (176) from the oil oiA.ngelica archangelica and this and the parakairomone tert-huty 2-methyl-4-chlorocyclohexanoate (trimedlure [12002-53-8]) are very extensively employed in monitoring for infestations of this destmctive pest. The female apple maggot fly Jiagoktispomonella is attracted to the apple volatile butyl hexanoate, which is used to bait sticky red spheres to monitor populations and time spray treatments. 

Kaolin clay Surround Apple maggot, leafhopper, pear psylla, plum curculio Various fruits and vegetables Insecticide, insect growth regulator... 

Adult apple maggots are V4-in (6-mm) flies with yellow legs and transparent wings with dark crossbands. They lay eggs beneath the skin of the fruit and the larvae tunnel within. Larvae are white, V4-in (6-mm) maggots in fruit. 

Pest management in apple orchards includes control of the plum curculio, apple maggot, codling... 

Cause Apple maggots. These A" larvae of the apple maggot fly ruin fruit by copious tunneling. Adult flies emerge from soilborne pupae in late June and continue to appear until early autumn. Flies puncture fruit skin and deposit eggs, which hatch into fruittunneling maggots. Infested apples often drop. To prevent buildup of pupae around trees, collect and destroy dropped fruit at least weekly. 

Apple maggot flies are attracted to fruit by sight. You can control them by trapping them on dark red balls coated with a sticky coating, such as Tangle-Trap. Buy commercially made traps or make your own from discarded croquet balls. In mid-June hang 1... 

Early-dropping fruit Apples, plums, blueberries Citrus and other tree fruits, grapes Tree fruits, blueberries, currants Apple maggots, plum curculios Mealybugs Fruit flies... 

Control Collect and destroy dropped fruit daily until September, twice a month in fall hang apple maggot traps in trees from mid-June until harvest (1 per dwarf tree, 6 per full-size tree) plant clover groundcover to attract beetles that prey on pupae grow late-maturing cultivars. 

Besides the obvious benefits of trapping pests, you can use traps to warn of impending infestations. If you get early warning of the appearance of apple maggots, it will prompt you to quickly hang apple maggot traps in your trees. Traps like yellow sticky traps attract insects with color other traps use chemicals produced by insects (pheromones) or plants to lure the insects to the trap. 

Apple maggot traps are red, apple-size spheres covered with sticky coating. The traps attract the attention of adult flies when they are ready to lay eggs. Zooming in for a landing on what they think is an apple, they become entrapped in the adhesive. You can trap enough flies on red sphere traps to control the damage they cause to fruit. 

Protection Offered Use sticky red spheres in your apple orchard to monitor the arrival and departure of apple maggot flies this knowledge is useful if you choose to spray your trees to control apple maggots. You can also control these pests by concentrating several traps in small areas. 

Commercial Products BioLure trap with attractant dispenser card attached (also attracts blueberry maggots and walnut husk flies), Ladd apple maggot traps with synthetic apple odor bait... 

How to Use Paint a 10 x 6 piece of plywood bright yellow (use Federal Safety Yellow No. 659 from Rustoleum Company or Saturn Yellow from Day-Glo Colors), then cover it with sticky coating. Below it, hang a small, screen-covered jar filled with a mixture of equal parts ammonia and water, or a commercial apple maggot lure. Instead of a flat piece of plywood, you can paint the bell-shaped top half of a plastic, 2-liter soda bottle. In one study, this bottle trap was found superior to commercial designs for controlling Western cherry fruit flies. 

Apple aphids, woolly, 269 Apple maggots, 22,23,270,270 traps for, 429,434... 

Resistant plants, 363,410-11,414. See also Cultivars, resistant Rhagoletes. See Fruit flies RhagoletispomoneUa. See Apple maggots... 

To summarize the resistance situation in broad terms, no key pest such as the codling moth, apple maggot, plum curculio has developed resistance to the OP azinphosmethyl, whereas a variety of secondary pests such as mites, aphid, leafhoppers, leafminers and their natural enemies have developed resistant strains thus azinphosmethyl has become more selective. The example cited later of management of cyhexatin resistance management in the spider mite... 

Pree, D.J., K.P. Butler, E.R. Kimball, and D.K.R. Steward. Persistence of Foliar Residues of Dimethoate and Azinphosmethyl and Their Toxicity to the Apple Maggot, J. Econ. Entomol, 69 473 78 (1976). 

Prokopy, R. J. (1981) Oviposition deterring pheromone system of apple maggot flies. In Management of Insect Pests With Semiochemicals (Mitchell, E. R., ed.) pp. 477-494. Plenum Press, New York. 

Involvement of volatile chemicals in host finding by the apple maggot fly, R, pomonella, was suggested by the observation (Prokopy et al., 1973) that volatiles from bagged apples increased trap catches several fold in trees devoid of fruit. Indeed, extracts of apple volatiles released from red spheres in a wind tunnel elicited a 2-3 fold increase in visitation over spheres alone (Fein et al.,... 

The prediction that abundance of more suitable hosts affects the acceptability of less suitable ones is borne out by data on apple maggot flies (Roitberg et al., 1982). Apples that have never received an egg are thought to be more suitable due to lack of intraspecific competition than are apples containing an egg. In trees with high rather than low densities of unused apples, flies are less likely to reach a behavioral state where used apples stimulate oviposition (see also Prokopy etal., Chapter 11). 

For patch finding, we are beginning to determine the rate at which the fulcrum rolls, and how far it is pushed after successful consumption. Roitberg et al. (1982) show that apple maggot flies search a tree devoid of fruit for approximately four minutes. If introduced into a tree while ovipositing on a hand-held apple (simulating a successful oviposition in the tree), the female searches the tree for about nine minutes. 

Fein, B. L., Reissig, W. H. and Roelofs, W. L. (1982) Identification of apple volatiles attractive to the apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella. J. Chem. EcoL 8, 1473-87. 

Prokopy, R. J. (1968) Sticky spheres for estimating apple maggot adult abundance. /. Econ. Ent., 61, 1082-5. 

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