Information Systems Components

Problem taxonomy provides the overall framework under which problem-oriented information system components can be designed and implemented. 

Data system. Components used to record and process information during the analysis of a sample. The system includes a computer and an analog-to-digital conversion module as well as other control devices for data recording, storage, and manipulation. 

As failure data relating to mechanical components differ widely from source to source, TNO has set up a documentation system in which all relevant information is stored in one, uniform automated code called COMPI, which uses a component description code for the following information system of... 

The main objective of the In-Plant Reliability Data System (IPRDS) was to develop a comprehensive and component-specific data base for PRA and other component reliability-related statistical analysis. Data base personnel visited selected plants and copied all the plant maintenance wor)c requests. They also gathered plant equipment lists and plant drawings and in some cases interviewed plant personnel for Information on component populations and duty cycles. Subsequently, the maintenance records were screened to separate out the cases of corrective maintenance applying to particular components these were reviewed to determine such things as failure modes, severity, and, if possible, failure cause. The data from these reports were encoded into a computerized data base. 

Opening segments of the IP2 PRA data analysis section describe the definitions of terms and concepts employed, the assumptions made, and limitations recognized during the data base construction. A set of 39 plant-specific component failure mode summaries established the basis for component service hour determinations, the number of failures, and the test data source for each failure mode given for each component. Generic data from WASH-1400, IEEE Std 500, and the LER data summaries on valves, pumps, and diesels were combined with plant-specific failure data to produce "updated" failure information. All the IP2 specialized component hardware failure data, both generic and updated, are contained in Table 1.5.1-4 (IP3 1.6.1-4). This table contains (by system, component, and failure mode) plant-specific data on the number of failures and service hours or demands. For some components, it was determined that specifications of the system was warranted because of its impact on the data values. 

Test demands Periodic equipment testing is an important source of demands, especially for safety system components that are often in a standby state. A review of the test procedures can be performed to obtain this information if it is not recorded in the maintenance records. 

In applications where the liquid is used directly by one or more system components, the contribution of these components to the total system head may be difficult to calculate. In some cases, the vendor s manual or the original design documentation will provide this information. If these data are not available, then the friction losses and back pressure need to be measured or an over-capacity pump selected for service based on a conservative estimate. 

The CRC-Elsevier materials selector , 2nd edition, N.A. Waterman, and M.E Ashby CRC Press (1996) ISBN 0412615509. (Now, also available on CD-ROM). Basic reference work. Three-volume compilation of data for all materials includes selection and design guide. The Materials Selector is the most comprehensive and up-to-date comparative information system on engineering materials and related methods of component manufacture. It contains information on the properties, performance and processability of metals, plastics, ceramics, composites, surface treatments and the characteristics and comparative economics of the manufacturing routes which convert these materials into engineering components and products. 

Installation qualification (IQ). IQ demonstrates that the equipment/system has been installed correctly at the user site according to vendor standards. The vendor should install the equipment to demonstrate to the buyer that all the components are operating properly. The qualification process includes appropriate documentation of the system components, physical installation and hook-up, and a performance check to verify that the individual components operate and can communicate with each other. System component information, such as serial numbers, type of use, and user performance requirements, should be included in the metrology database for easy tracking and scheduling of maintenance and/or calibration. 

The spatial distribution of the resolved components (matrix X) was integrated in the geographical information system ArcGIS (v.9.0, 2005, ESRI, Redlands, CA, USA) and displayed by means of geostatistical techniques [23] in Fig. 14. Note that the spatial distribution displayed by the geographical information system in this work refers to the distribution (scores) of the main underlying multivariate (multicomponent) patterns and sources of contamination resolved by MCR-ALS, which are not directly measurable and which are also of high environmental relevance. 

There is also a certain amount of statistical information available on the failures of process system components. Arulanantham and Lees (1981) have studied pressure vessel and fired heater failures in process plants such as olefins plants. They define failure as a condition in which a crack, leak or other defect has developed in the equipment to the extent that repair or replacement is required, a definition which includes some of the potentially dangerous as well as all catastrophic failures. The failure rates of equipment are related to some extent to the safety of process items. If a piece of equipment has a long history of failures, it may cause safety problems in the future. Therefore it would be better to consider another equipment instead. It should be remembered that all reliability or failure information does not express safety directly, since all failures are not dangerous and not all accidents are due to failures of equipment. 

There is a certain amount of statistical information available on the failures of process system components. 

In addition to the underlying mechanisms being shared, components must agree on the definition of problem domain terms—usually manifested as problem domain objects—on which they will jointly operate. Components in a medical information system, for example, must share a common definition of what exactly a Patient is and what constitutes an Outpatient Treatment. They must share this definition at least in terms of the interfaces of those objects. 

Wills96b] Wills, A. C. 1996. Frameworks and component-based development. In Proceedings of OO Information Systems. 

Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCINFO). This set of four CD-ROM disks contains several valuable data bases of information that are updated on a quarterly basis MSDS, CHEM Data, OHS Source, and OHS Data. The MSDS component currently contains over 60,000 MSDS supplied by chemical manufacturers and distributors. It also contains several other data bases [RIPP, RIPA, Pest Management Research Information System (PRIS)], one of which (PRIS) even includes information on pest management products, including their presence and allowable limits in food. 

A control panel, which serves as the connection point between various system components. The control panel communicates information back and forth between the sensor and the host computer, and controls access to the asset by engaging or disengaging the system lock based on internal logic and information from the host computer. 

Though thermodynamics cannot provide direct insight into the metal/so-lution interface on a microscale, it generates important information about the energies of interaction of metals with the solvent and the solute. Adsorption parameters are of great value to understanding mutual interactions of the system components at the interface. 

Discussions with the only US. PAFC manufacturer justified the direct use of the PAFC performance information from the 1994 edition of the Fuel Cell Handbook. There have been only minor changes in cell performance, mostly due to changing the operating conditions of the cell. These are considered within the performance trends shown in this section. The manufacturer has concentrated on improving cell stability and life, and in improving the system components to improve reliability and lower cost. It should be noted that the performance shown in this section is based on information from contracts that the manufacturer had with the Department of Energy or outside institutions. Any new PAFC performance has been accomplished with company funding and is considered proprietary by the manufacturer (1). 

Originally named the Mesh , the idea of a distributed information system based on computing elements sharing HTTP as a common data transfer protocol formed the basis for the World Wide Web (WWW). Many other critical components were required to create WWW as we know it today. The most important ones include ... 

A maintenance information system that details equipment and component maintenance scope and frequency, documents work completed, and provides feedback on maintenance program effectiveness. 

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the help of Dr. G. W. A. Milne in searching the literature for compounds related to those under discussion in this paper using the Structure And Nomenclature Substructure Search (SANSS) component of the NIH-EPA Chemical Information System (29). Important communications with Drs. J.-P. Anselme, S. S. Hecht, G. R. Krow, R. N. Loeppky, S. S. Mirvish, and S. R. Tannenbaum are also gratefully acknowledged. 

Fear is contradictory to continuous improvement and a broad regulatory approach is needed to address this challenge. Timely risk assessment, communication, information, and collaboration between CMC review and CGMP inspection functions will be essential components of such a regulatory approach. In addition, common data bases and information systems will be necessary. 

---