Information maintenance

For each alarm, a specific action is expec ted from the process operator. Operator actions such as call maintenance are inappropriate with modern systems. If maintenance needs to know, modern systems can inform maintenance directly. 

Maintenance of genetic information. Maintenance is mainly a matter of repairing the damage that occurs to DNA because of chemical attack, especially from carcinogenic compounds or radiation, such as sunlight or X-rays. 

The use of risk informed maintenance strategies should be considered, to provide a reasonable balance in the mixture of corrective, preventive and predictive maintenance (see paras 2.2-2.4) and to facilitate proactive maintenance rather than exclusively reactive maintenance. 

The gathered data contain e.g. the information about the date of the event, the number of the wagon failure information, maintenance information (e.g. type of repair, date of repair). In some cases, there are given extra information about a time of incident notification, time of damaged tram substitution, but such contributions was less (about 30%). 

The market-based approach provides a good trade-off between centralized and distributed strategies. It eliminates the need for global information maintenance at the control station, while it provides more efficient solutions as compared to the distributed approach (Dias, et al., 2006). The market-based strategy is illustrated in Figure 5. 

Early failures may occur almost immediately, and the failure rate is determined by manufacturing faults or poor repairs. Random failures are due to mechanical or human failure, while wear failure occurs mainly due to mechanical faults as the equipment becomes old. One of the techniques used by maintenance engineers is to record the mean time to failure (MTF) of equipment items to find out in which period a piece of equipment is likely to fail. This provides some of the information required to determine an appropriate maintenance strategy tor each equipment item. 

Up-to-day reliability requirements as applied to NPP strength maintenance govern development of new generation of computerized systems for in-service inspection. These systems in parallel with capabilities of ordinary ultrasonic techniques allow to reconstruct high resolution image of inner flaw and increase available amount of information. 

It is essential that as-built architectural/constmction drawings are given to maintenance at the completion of every job, together with all other job documents, such as equipment information, operating instmctions, test data, supply information, etc. These documents are needed to operate and maintain the faciHty effectively. At the completion of any project, there should be an official acceptance of documentation by the maintenance/operation department. No job is complete without this formal acceptance and sign off. 

The American lastitute of Plant Engineers, Cincinnati, Ohio, pubUshes an information services catalog which features Facility Management Eibrary Eeprint Services.Qs. H. Magee, Facilities Maintenance Management, R. S. Means, Kingston, Mass., 1988. 

Color Coding. New machinery and equipment must conform to OSHA standards and OEM specifications for color coding. Color coding can also help to speed up maintenance procedures. Examples include lubrication information, orientation, timing marks, torque requirements, etc. 

Conditional Failure Probability. The concept of conditional piobabihty of faiuie is useful to predict the chances of survival for a device that has been in operation for a period of time and is not in a failed state. Such information is helpful for maintenance planning. 

Pilot plants are often more hazardous than process plants, even though they are smaller ia size, for many reasons. These iaclude a tendency to relax standard safety review procedures based on the small scale, exceptionally qualified personnel iavolved, and the experimental nature of the research operations the lack of estabhshed operational practice and experience lack of information regarding new materials or processes and lack of effective automatic iatedocks due to the frequendy changing nature of pilot-plant operations, the desire for wide latitude in operating conditions, and the lack of hill-time maintenance personnel. 

Monitoring by Electromechanical Instrumentation. According to basic engineering principles, no process can be conducted safely and effectively unless instantaneous information is available about its conditions. AH sterilizers are equipped with gauges, sensors (qv), and timers for the measurement of the various critical process parameters. More and more sterilizers are equipped with computerized control to eliminate the possibiUty of human error. However, electromechanical instmmentation is subject to random breakdowns or drifts from caUbrated settings and requires regular preventive maintenance procedures. 

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