Industry impact

Total PL required = (production x size)/survival Broodstock pairs required 405000000000 

Estimates of P. vannamei broodstock and PL requirements for world shrimp farming are fisted in Table 10.3. Approximately 500000 pairs of SPF P. vannamei broodstock are required to produce the 2.5 m MT of shrimp grown annually. 

Over the last decade, shrimp farming annual crop value has tripled as a result of the widespread use of domesticated P. vannamei. In 1997, global farmed-shrimp annual production of 700000 MT had a total crop value of about 3.5 billion based on an average price of 5/kg (FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Department, 2010). Widespread adoption of P vannamei over the last 10 years resulted in sustained production increases of 23 %/year (Wyban et al., 2005). While shrimp prices declined as a result of increasing supply, total shrimp crop value today is worth more than 11 billion based on production of 3.1 m MT and a worldwide price of 3.50/kg. This tripling of industry crop value over 15 years directly resulted from domestication, breeding and widespread adoption of P. vannamei. 

CARPENTER N and BROCK J (1992) Growth and survival of virus-infected and SPF P. vannamei on a shrimp farm in Hawaii, in Fulks W and Main K (eds). Disease of Cultured Penaeid Shrimp in Asia and the United States. Honolulu, HI The Oceanic Institute, 285-293. 

FAO FISHERIES and AQUACULTURE DEPARTMENT (2010) The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2010. Rome FAO, available at http //www.fao.org/docrep/013/ il820e/il820e.pdf (accessed September 2012). 

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PBDEs were detected in all the sediment samples at concentrations ranging from 2 to 131 ng/g dw (Table 3). HBCD was detected only in samples collected downstream of Monzon, with levels ranging between 48 and 2,658 ng/g dw. In these samples, HBCD contamination was greater than that observed for PBDEs. Site C3 was found to be the most contaminated zone followed by site C5 > site Cl = site C2. As expected, PBDE and HBCD levels were greater near the site of industrial impact [28]. 

The majority of published data in fish samples expressed PBDE levels in ng/g lipid weight (lw), making difficult the comparison with our results expressed in ng/g ww. However, some works also used the same unities of this study. Zennegg et al. [34] analyzed whitefish from different Swiss lakes, and reported PBDE levels between 1.6 and 7.4 ng/g ww. Carps from Detroit river and Des Plaines river [35] presented PBDE concentration levels around 5 ng/g ww and 12 ng/g ww, respectively. All these values were in accordance with our results in sites out of industrial impact (sites Cl and C2). 

Microfluidic devices, 26 959 effect of scale on, 26 960t fabrication of, 26 963-966 Microfluidics, 26 959-980 applications of, 26 966-975 basic features of, 26 959-966 future directions for, 26 976-977 history of, 26 959 industrial impact of, 26 976 Microfluidic structures fabrication of, 26 963-966 MicroFluidic Systems, 26 976 Micro-gas chromatography (micro-GC), 6 434 37 Microgel particles... 

Another field where ATH catalysts have made an industrial impact is in the area of chiral amine synthesis by stereocontrolled reduction of imines. First demonstrated by Uematsu et the reduction of cyclic imines to yield chiral amines... 

Thanks to their multiphase constitution, block copolymers have the originality to add advantageously the properties of their constitutive sequences. These very attractive materials can display novel properties for new technological applications. In this respect, thermoplastic elastomers are demonstrated examples (l, 2, 3) they are currently used without any modification as elastic bands, stair treads, solings in the footwear industry, impact resistance or flexibility improvers for polystyrene, polypropylene and polyethylene whereas significant developments as adhesives and adherends are to be noted (5.). 

Figure 2. Absorbance (254 nm) profile of the analytical-scale HPLC separation of 25 pg of residue organics isolated from an industrially impacted influent waste water. The separations were accomplished via reverse-phase HPLC (top) and normal-phase HPLC (bottom). Mobile phases used in these separations were water (fyO), acetonitrile (CH3CN)> methylene chloride (MECL), hexane (HX), and isopropyl alcohol (IPROH), as indicated.

Elansky N.F., Kuznetsov G.I., and Terekhova O.A. (1998) Diurnal and many-diurnal peroxy radicals concentration variations in the condition of changing industrial impact in Moscow, Moscow University Mercury, Series 3. Physics and Astronomy, 4, 13-16. 

Further details of these many imaging systems will not be given here. The interested reader is referred to several texts (1,2) on imaging technology using photochemical techniques and to a review contained in this series (3). It should be clear from this limited discussion that the industrial impact of photopolymerization is great. 

Industrial emissions may contribute significantly to the PM10 burden at selected receptor sites as was also shown using the Lenschow approach. To a large part this assessment is due to the assignment of measured secondary aerosol components to industrial emissions of sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides which are not produced locally. Statistical receptor models like PMF, on the other hand, are able to identify local industrial impacts which can be seen in elevated levels of trace compounds, but hardly attribute secondary aerosol compounds to any specific industrial source. For example, a PMF study was carried out for a receptor site located a few... 

Final report prepared for European Commission Directorate—General Enterprise and Industry, impact assessment of potential restrictions on the marketing and use of certain organotin compounds, October 2007. Available at http //ec.europa.eu/enterprise/chemicals/docs/studies/organotins.pdf. 

Bovenberg, A.L., Goulder, L.H., 2000. Neutralising the Adverse Industry Impacts of C02 Abatement Policies What Does it Cost Resources for the Future Discussion Paper 00-27. 

Asymmetric catalysis has been most prevalent in the area of homogeneous hydrogenations. As previously stated, producing considerable amounts of a single enantiomer or diastereoisomer from a small amount of chiral catalyst has a huge industrial impact. Natural and unnatural amino acids, particularly L-dopa (12), have been produced by this method.17-21 Catalysts based on rhodium and ruthenium have enjoyed the most success. 

At the same time, the question has been raised whether the current graduate education of chemical engineers is too scientific and not oriented enough toward problem solving and innovation at an industrial level. I believe it is, not because I have any doubt whatever about the importance of basic scientific studies, but because these studies can only have any industrial impact if there exists in industry a sufficiently large number of highly skilled,... 

Thus, the chemical industry is a key component in the U.S. economy. It converts raw materials such as gas, oil, condensates, water, metals, and minerals into more than 70,000 products that are used in a variety of ways. In some fashion, this industry impacts the daily lives of everyone. Industrial customers for chemicals are many, but some of the major ones are apparel, plastic and rubber products, petroleum refining, textiles, pulp and paper, primary metal, and the like. 

W. A. Herrmann, 100 Years of Metal Carbonyls a Serentipitous Chemical Discovery of Major Scientific and Industrial Impact, J. Organomet. Chem. 383, 21-44 (1990). 

The industrial impact of these effects is discussed in Section 12.10. 

The suitability of organocatalytic reactions for larger-scale production processes of chiral building blocks has also already been demonstrated in some cases. Notably, different types of bond formation have been reported, comprising several carbon-carbon bond formations as well as oxidation processes. An overview about asymmetric organocatalytic processes with an industrial impact is given in Table 1. These syntheses comprise asymmetric organocatalytic reactions which have been scaled... 

However sophomoric the AIDES computer implementation, the hierarchical process synthesis procedure itself offers three important lessons which have had a significant industrial impact—lessons that can be used even manually by conceptual process designers. 

CAA amendment of 1990 Regulates air emissions containing PAHs. Specific industries impacted by this regulation include power plants, petroleum processing facilities, and steel manufacturing plants. 

In conclusion the development of homogeneous catalysis will have significant industrial impact and provide societal benefit in future. Besides this, it will be also much fun to participate actively in this scientifically interesting area. 

Future trends in the chemicals industry impacting on environmental reporting... 

Forecasting is always risky business, but given the rapid pace of recent progress, it seems likely that new and highly useful results on pure reactor and reactor-separator synthesis problems will be forthcoming. These ideas and results may have immediate industrial impact, and cer-tam.l.y fall wathln the scope of the course in reactor analysis and design. 

CEFIC (2003). Occupational Diseases in the European Chemical Industry - Impact of REACH, CEFIC Cammoits 8 July 2003, Brussels CEFIC. 

Thus, academic studies on this chemical phenomenon may well lead to discoveries that will have great industrial impact. 

Bovenburg, A. and Goulder L. (2001). Neutralizing the adverse industry impacts of COj abatement policies What does it cost In Behavioral and Distributional Effects of Environmental Policy, Carraro, C. and Metcalf, G.(Eds.), University of Chicago Press Chicago. 

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