Technological knowledge

In the 1970s the US company Motorola, manufacturer of mobile telephones and pagers, developed a similar cellular mobile telephone system. While disadvantaged in infrastructure equipment making. Motorola succeeded in mobile telephone sets. Motorola invented the first prototyped portable mobile phone in 1973, called Dyna-Tac, and became a leading manufacturer in portable cellular phones in the 1980s (corporate information from Motorola). Yet the first commercial cellular phones were developed by the Japanese Oki Corporation for the Japanese 

Tilton (1971) for the licensing policy of Bell labs in their pioneering semiconductor research. 

The development of the GMS likewise built on US technology and on concepts from German and French telecommunications equipment firms, but to a lesser extent from Scandinavian firms. The time division multiplexing method (TDMA) used for GSM was first proposed by P.S. Henry, a scientist at Bell labs, and published in 1981 (Millman 1984, p. 237). The speech coding 29 qSM was 

Multinational firms played a vital role in the international technology transfer. ITT SEL, a German affiliate of the US telecommunications equipment firm ITT, developed the digital spread spectrum broadband system CD900, which was defeated at the CEPT conference in 1987 by the narrowband concept that finally became the GSM standard. The project team came from the defense-communications department and used the ITT in-house knowledge base, in particular knowledge on the radio system used in AW ACS surveillance planes. 

The speech coding is one of the most crucial factors of digital mobile radio technology. Engineers face a tradeoff between speech quality and spectrum efficiency in mass mar- 

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While these responsibilities seem straightforward, there are numerous responsibilities that are intertwined and discrete. Both parties need to understand their individual responsibilities especially regarding process hazards, environmental concerns, communication, and technology/knowledge transfer. 

The underlying spirit of this chapter is to show the existence of a wide spectrum of companies that make available innovative technology, knowledge, and a deep expertise in a given area. What the reader will see is only a sample of the availability and variety of sources. Awareness is placed in the fact that companies have been chosen randomly and there is no qualifying judgment behind their consideration here. 

Vibrational acoustic emission from industrial processes is often considered as audible random signals only, but it has recently been proven that within this noise there is often a bonanza of hidden nsefnl information [3-11], highly relevant for processes monitoring purposes. The fact that almost all processes produce some kind of acoustic emission opens up the potential for diverse applications which depend totally on sound, sensor-technological knowledge and chemometric multivariate calibration competencies. 

Engineering/maintenance/technology (knowledge of the equipment and facilities)... 

Potentially there is another type of value to be gained from the information in company databases and other repositories. If the company cannot exploit a project in-house it has been common practice to license this technology to a competitor for a fee. This was often done in response to an approach from the competitor but Dow Chemical in the 1990s adopted a more structured approach to generating value from its technological knowledge base. 

Microencapsulation covers a broad range of methods. A great number of variants exist around the above-described methods. The methods may also be combined. Engineers and scientists must refer to much scientific and technological knowledge, especially in chemistry. This includes ... 

The decisions made by the computer concerning the pressure of the pump-flow rate dependence and of the flow rate of the fresh suspension, are controlled by the micro-device of the execution system (ES). It is important to observe that the majority of the input process variables are not easily and directly observable. As a consequence, a good technological knowledge is needed for this purpose. If we look attentively at the xj — X5 input process variables, we can see that their values present a random deviation from the mean values. Other variables such as pump exit pressure and flow rate (xg,X7) can be changed with time in accordance with technological considerations. 

In general, liposomes due to their physicochemical characteristics, may cause adverse effects i.e., blockage of capillaries, pulmonary embolism etc. The new technological knowledge and industrial improvements on liposomal production as well as the high quality control of the preparation procedure of the liposomal formulations can eliminate most of their undesired side effects. 

Other important properties for photovoltaic materials are their refractive index, stability, brittleness, toxicity, crystal lattice constant, thermal expansion coefficient, temperatures required for processing into cells, energy investment for cell production, ability to be doped both types, level of technological knowledge and industrial maturity, cost, and abundance. Issues particular to passivation and the trapping of weakly absorbed light include the availability of compatible and affordable passivation and surface texturing methods. ... 

Radiation Therapist Under the supervision of a physician, a radiation therapist administers radiation treatment to patients. Radiation therapists work closely with patients and must be compassionate and supportive. Training programs prepare radiation therapists to use particle accelerators and other forms of technology. Knowledge of radiation hazards is an important part of this job. For more information on chemistry careers, visit glencoe.com. 

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