Hydrogen peroxide, production

As new greener bulk industrial selective oxidation processes using H2O2 and Ti zeolite-like catalysts have been established (e.g. for producing caprolactam, dihy-droxybenzenes and propene oxide), or are in an advanced development stage (phenol), we can forecast that an increased amount of H2O2 will be needed in the near future. Current worldwide demand for hydrogen peroxide is close to 2 Mt/y and about 0.2 Mt/y would be needed for one propene oxide, or phenol, world-scale plant. 

A huge increase in H2O2 availability is a goal that can be reached in different 

Dow/BASF chose an improved classical production approach further developed by Solvay with its high yield technology for the HPPO plants in Antwerp, Belgium and in Map Ta Phut, Thailand.  

At the industrial scale, hydrogen peroxide is produced almost exclusively by the alternate oxidation and reduction of alkylanthraquinone derivatives. This anthraquinone process, or AO (from autoxidation) process, was originally developed 

Hydrogen peroxide is formed, recovered by extraction with water, purified from all the organic impurities and finally concentrated by partial water removal under vacuum. The aqueous, commercial solution thus obtained is 60-70% by weight 

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Alcohol autoxidation is carried out in the range of 70—160°C and 1000—2000 kPa (10—20 atm). These conditions maintain the product and reactants as Hquids and are near optimum for practical hydrogen peroxide production rates. Several additives including acids, nitriles, stabHizers, and sequestered transition-metal oxides reportedly improve process economics. The product mixture, containing hydrogen peroxide, water, acetone, and residual isopropyl alcohol, is separated in a wiped film evaporator. The organics and water are taken overhead and further refined to recover by-product acetone and the... 

Yusupova Z.R. Akhmetova I.E. Khairullin R.M. Maksimov I.V. (2005) The effect of chitooligosaccharides on hydrogen peroxide production and anionic peroxidase activity in wheat coleoptiles / / Rus. J. of Plant Physiol. V. 52. P. 209-212. 

In concentrated sulfuric acid solutions at HAP, the adsorbed HS04 ions are converted, according to reaction (15.57), to HS 04 radicals which dimerize, forming peroxydisulfuric (persulfuric) acid H2S2O8. This acid is the intermediate for one of the commercialized methods of hydrogen peroxide production. The first efforts toward the electrosynthesis of peroxydisulfuric acid go back to 1878 commercial production started in 1908. The standard electrode potential of the overall reaction... 

Epidermal growth factor suppresses nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production by keratinocytes. Potential role for nitric oxide in the regulation of wound healing. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21277-21280. 

In their review some years ago, Reddy and Rao (1986) cited several lines of evidence for peroxisome-proliferation-mediated oxidative stress being associated with hepatocarcinogenesis. They mentioned the sustained increase in hydrogen peroxide production, the detectable increased levels of hydrogen peroxide in the livers of treated animals, increased lipid peroxidation associated with treatment and marked inhibition of hepatocarcinogenesis by antioxidant compounds. However, definitive studies remain to be carried out. 

Among different approaches providing operation of the oxidase-based biosensors, the detection of hydrogen peroxide production was found to be the most progressive one, allowing detection of low levels of analytes [107], However, the detection of H202 has to be carried out at low potentials in order to reduce the interference of easily oxi-dizable compounds [110]. 

Fomey LJ, Reddy CA, Pankvatz HS. Ultrastructural localization of hydrogen peroxide production in ligninolytic Phanerochaete chrysosporium cells. ApplEnviron Microbiol 1982 44 732-736. 

Highley T, Murmanis LL. Determination of hydrogen peroxide production in Coriolus versicolor and Poriaplacenta during wood degradation. Mater Org 1985 29 241-252. 

Hydrogen peroxide plants, North American, 14 581 Hydrogen peroxide production,... 

For MDI based polyurethanes we have provided evidence for formation of a diphenylmethyl radical by direct excitation (248 nm) of the carbamate moiety as well as hydrogen abstraction by a tert-butoxy radical which is produced by excitation (351 nm) of tert-butyl peroxide. The diphenylmethyl radical readily reacts with oxygen. A proposed mechanism which accounts for the production (direct or indirect) and subsequent reaction with oxygen of the diphenylmethyl radical is shown in Scheme IV. The hydrogen peroxide product depicted in Scheme IV has been previously identified by FT-IR (7) we have simply provided a plausible mechanism for its formation. 

Fullerene showed antibacterial activity, which can be attributed to different interactions of C60 with biomolecules (Da Ros et al., 1996). In fact, there is a possibility to induce cell membrane disruption. The fullerene sphere seems not really adaptable to planar cellular surface, but for sure the hydrophobic surface can easily interact with membrane lipids and intercalate into them. However, it has been demonstrated that fullerene derivatives can inhibit bacterial growth by unpairing the respiratory chain. There is, first, a decrease of oxygen uptake at low fullerene derivative concentration, and then an increase of oxygen uptake, which is followed by an enhancement of hydrogen peroxide production. The higher concentration of C60 seems to produce an electron leak from the bacterial respiratory chain (Mashino et al., 2003). 

Mashino T, Usui N, Okuda K, Hirota T, Mochizuki M (2003) Respiratory chain inhibition by fullerene derivatives Hydrogen peroxide production caused by fullerene derivatives and a respiratory chain system. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 11 1433-1438. 

Now, IPA is used primarily as a coating and processing solvent in paints, electronics applications, synthetic resins, personal care products, and cosmetics. It is also used as a chemical intermediate for isopropyl esters, isopropyl amines, methyl isobutyl ketone, diisobutyl ketone, and hydrogen peroxide production.-... 

Pick, E. and Mizel, D. (1981) Rapid microassays for the measurement of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production by macrophages in culture using an automatic enzyme immunoassay reader. J. Immunol. Methods 46, 211-226. 

Hasui, M., Hirabayashi, Y., and Kobayashi, Y. (1989) Simultaneous measurement by flow cytometry of phagocytosis and hydrogen peroxide production of neutrophils in whole blood. J. Immunol. Methods 117, 53-58. 

Kaszuba, M. and Jones, M. N. (1999). Hydrogen peroxide production from reactive liposomes encapsulating enzymes. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1419, 221-8. 

Pedersen, T Nighttime Hydrogen Peroxide Production on Sulfuric-Acid-Aerosols Involving Nitrate and Sulfate Radicals, Geophys. Res. Lett., 22, f497-f499 (1995). 

Stefanic., 1. LaVerne, J. A. 2002. Temperature dependence of the hydrogen peroxide production in the 7-radiolysis of water. Physical Chemistry, A106, 447-452. 

Carreras, M. C., Pargament, G. A., Catz, S. D., Poderoso, J. J., and Boveris, A. (1994b). Kinetics of nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide production and formation of peroxy-nitrite during the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. FEBS Lett. 341, 65-68. 

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