Oxidase-based biosensors

F. Mazzei, F. Botre, and C. Botre, Acid phosphatase/glucose oxidase-based biosensors for the determination of pesticides. Anal. Chim. Acta 336, 67-75 (1996). 

C. Cremisini, A.D. Sario, J. Mela, R. Pilloton, and G. Paleshci, Evaluation of the use of free and immobilised acetylcholinesterase for paraoxon detection with an amperometric choline oxidase based biosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta 311, 273—280 (1995). 

Among different approaches providing operation of the oxidase-based biosensors, the detection of hydrogen peroxide production was found to be the most progressive one, allowing detection of low levels of analytes [107], However, the detection of H202 has to be carried out at low potentials in order to reduce the interference of easily oxi-dizable compounds [110]. 

P.A. Fiorito and S.I.C. de Torresi, Hybrid nickel hexacyanoferrate/polypyrrole composite as mediator for hydrogen peroxide detection and its application in oxidase-based biosensors. J. Electroanal. Chem. 581, 31 (2005). 

S. Pati, M. Quinto, F. Palmisano and P.G. Zambonin, Determination of choline in milk, milk powder, and soy lecithin hydrolysates by flow injection analysis and amperometric detection with a choline oxidase based biosensor, J. Agric. Food Chem., 52(15) (2004) 4638-4642. 

For this reason, in the last decade, inorganic electrochemical mediators, which catalyse the oxidation or reduction of H202 have been preferred to HRP and have been used for the assembling of oxidase-based biosensors [18-20]. This results in a decrease of the applied potential and the consequent avoidance of electrochemical interferences. Many electrochemical mediators have been used and many of them have found broad application, especially in glucose biosensors for diabetes control. However, due to the solubility of the mediator, they are generally employed in a single-use sensor and present some problems due to the low operative stability. 

House J, Anderson E, Ward W. Immobilization techniques to avoid enzyme loss from oxidase-based biosensors a one-year study. Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology 2007, 1, 18-27. 

Norberg J, Emneus J, Jonsson jA, et al. On-line supported liquid membrane-liquid chromatography with a phenol oxidase-based biosensor as selective detection unit for the determination of phenols in blood plasma. J. Chromatogr. B. 1997 701 39 6. 

Arjsiriwat S, Tanticharoen M, Kirtikara Aoki K et al. Metal-dispersed conducting polymer-coated electrode used for oxidase based biosensor. Electrochemistry Communications 2000 2 441-444. 

A high yield of glucose oxidase on the surface can be obtained due to electrostatic forces. The nondestructive immobilization of glucose oxidase on the surface retained most of its bioactivity. A choline biosensor was formed, simply by dipping the electrode into a choline oxidase solution for enzyme loading. In summary, the electrode provides a useful platform for the development of oxidase-based biosensors [25]. 

Vago, J.M., V. Campo DaU Orto, E. Forzani, J. Hursfi and I.N. Rezzano (2003). New bimetallic porphyrin film An electrocatalytic transducer for hydrogen peroxide reduction, application to first-generation oxidase-based biosensors. Sens. Actuators B96, 407-412. 

Marinesco, S. and Frey, O. (2013) Microelectrode designs for oxidase-based biosensors, in Neuromethods (eds S.Marinesco and N.Dale), vol. 80, Microelectrode Biosensors, pp. 3-25. 

Cagnini A, Palchetti I, Mascini M, Turner APF (1995) Ruthenised screen-printed choline oxidase-based biosensors for measurement of anticholinesterase activity. Mikrochim Acta 121 155-166... 

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