Human papilloma virus type

Human papilloma virus type 11 major capsid protein LI Tobacco leaf, potato tuber Reacted well with assembled capsids and isolated LI capsomers. Immunogenic in mice when administered parenterally with subsequent oral boosting. 99... 

Samiotaki M, Kwiatkowski M, Ylitalo N, Landegren U (1997) Seven-color time-resolved fluorescence hybridization analysis of human papilloma virus types. Anal Biochem 253 156-161... 

Gardasil is a quadrivalent vaccine of the human papilloma virus (type 6, 11, 16, 18). It is used for the prevention of cervical cancer and other pre-cancerous lesions. It should be given early in a female s sexual life and it is licensed for use in females between 9 and 26 years of age. Administration is by intramuscular injection and three doses are required. Because the vaccine does not protect against all the strains of the virus, cervical screening is still required. Duration of protection after a complete course is... 

Yoakim C, Ogilvie WW, Goudreau N et al (2003) Discovery of the first series of inhibitors of human papilloma virus type 11 inhibition of the assembly of the E1-E2 Origin DNA complex. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 13 2539-2541... 

Natural high-molecular weight sulphated or sulphonated PS, such as cellulose sulphate and dextran sulphate, may be useful non-toxic microbicidal compounds that are active against a variety of sexually-transmitted disease agents, including bovine papillomavirus type 1 and human papilloma virus type 11 and type 40 [111],... 

The list of vimses involved in other human cancers includes hepatitis B, which is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma human papilloma viruses with cervical, penile and some anal carcinomas human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 associated with adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma syndrome and HIV with Kaposi s sarcoma. 

Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 oncoprotein E7 Potato virus X in tobacco leaf (complete reading frame) Immunogenic in mice when administered parenterally. Mice protected moderately when challenged with surrogate (C3 cells). 100... 

Human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 major capsid protein LI Tobacco and potato Weak, transient anti LI antibody response in 3 of 24 mice when administered orally. Immunogenic when administered orally after parenteral boost. 102... 

Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex are implicated in disseminated bacterial infections in AIDS patients. RFLP studies followed by hybridization with radiolabeled probe specific for an insertion sequence in M. avium (IS 1311) have been useful for typing M. avium stains (R2). A variety of molecular techniques are available for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. In addition to PCR, a method based on the ligase chain reaction has also been found to be sensitive to the detection of C. trachomatis infection in urine specimens collected from male and female subjects (VI). The differentiation between low-risk genotypes of human papilloma virus (HPV 6 or 11) from genotypes of high... 

Figure 26.1 Immortalization of human cells Cells enter replicative senescence at mortality stage 1 (Ml Hayflick limit) after about 60 population doublings (PD). The protein p 16 accumulates in senescent cells. The simian virus 40 (SV40) large T antigen as well as the human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16-E6 and E7 proteins sequester the retinoblastoma protein (Rb) and/or p53 constitutively releases the transcription factor E2F. E2F induces expression proteins required for progression through Gl/S transition, thus the cells escape cell cycle arrest. At mortality stage 2 (M2), transformed cells must overcome senescence and crisis before they are immortalized. This is likely to involve the activation of telomerase either by the introduction of hTERT cDNA or by a genetic change that activates telomerase.

This PCR -> hybridization -> DELFIA type of assay can be performed in a multi-color format. Samiotaki et al. (1997) reported this type of assay using seven different hybridization probes, which are three singly-labeled probes (labeled with Eu, Tb, and Sm), three doubly-labeled probes (labeled with Eu and Tb, Eu and Sm, and Tb and Sm), and one triply-labeled probe (labeled with Eu, Tb, and Sm) (see table 5 and scheme 15 for the chelate ligand). After PCR amplification, the PCR product was allowed to hybridize with one of the seven hybridization probes, washed, detected lanthanide ions by DELFIA , and washed. This cycle was repeated for the remaining six hybridization probes. This procedure enabled detection and identification of seven types of human papilloma virus in one single assay. 

Human papilloma viruses some genital-mucosal types... 

In condylomata acuminata, gross and microscopic fluorescence spectra suggested selectivity (68%) of PpIX formation after topical ALA application [115]. The greatest lesional to normal skin fluorescence ratios occurred after 2 h. A patient with epidermodysplasia verruciformis (types of human papilloma virus were proven in lesional skin) presenting wart-like lesions on the hands, lower arms and forehead was treated using 20% ALA for 6 h and incoherent light 580-740 nm, 160 mW cm", 160 J cm", with an excellent cosmetic result [116]. In situ hybridization was positive for HPV type 8 in skin which was clinically and histologically normal. Twelve months after PDT a few lesions had recurred on the hands. 

Human Papillomas Viruses Some Genital-Mucesal Types... 

Nowadays, it is estimated that approximately 20 % of all cancers worldwide are associated with infections. First and foremost, a number of different viruses are of importance like the Epstein-Barr virus (Burkitt lymphoma, naso-pharyn-geal cancer), the human herpes virus type 8, the human papilloma virus, the hepatitis-B- and -C-viruses, and above all, the human immunodeficiency virus (Kaposi sarcoma). The bacterium Helicobacter pylori is the leading contributor to stomach cancer. Parasites, like the flatworm Schistosoma haematobium (the cause of biUiarzia or snail fever) lead in Egypt to an increased incidence of bladder cancer, and types of liver flukes Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis) are important risk factors, particularly in south-east Thailand and in southern China, for the appearance of Cholangio carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. [296]... 

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