Mycobacterium avium complex

Immune reconstitution syndrome A syndrome characterized by fever and worsening of clinical symptoms of opportunistic infections or new symptoms occurring within weeks after starting antiretroviral therapy. This has been described for mycobacterial infections (Mycobacterium avium complex and Mycobacterium tuberculosis), Pneumocystis proved pneumonia, toxoplasmosis,... [Pg.1568]

Lymphoma, Burkitt s Lymphoma, immunoblastic Lymphoma, primary, or brain Mycobacterium avium complex or M. kamasii, disseminated or extrapulmonary M. tuberculosis, any site (pulmonary or extrapulmonary) Mycobacterium, other species or unidentified species, disseminated or extrapulmonary Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia Pneumonia, recurrent... [Pg.449]

The most common opportunistic diseases and their frequencies found before death in patients with AIDS between 1990 and 1994 were Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), Mycobacterium avium complex, and cytomegalovirus disease. [Pg.457]

Toxoplasma gondii Mycobacterium avium complex Varicella zoster virus (VZV)... [Pg.460]

Lyles, R.H. et al., Prognostic value of plasma HIV RNA in the natural history of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, cytomegalovirus and Mycobacterium avium complex. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study, AIDS, 13, 341, 1999. [Pg.46]

Mycobacteria of the Mycobacterium avium complex are implicated in disseminated bacterial infections in AIDS patients. RFLP studies followed by hybridization with radiolabeled probe specific for an insertion sequence in M. avium (IS 1311) have been useful for typing M. avium stains (R2). A variety of molecular techniques are available for the diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis infection. In addition to PCR, a method based on the ligase chain reaction has also been found to be sensitive to the detection of C. trachomatis infection in urine specimens collected from male and female subjects (VI). The differentiation between low-risk genotypes of human papilloma virus (HPV 6 or 11) from genotypes of high... [Pg.28]

Prevention of disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections 1,200 mg taken once weekly. [Pg.1594]

MAC Mycobacterium avium complex (typical bacterial infection in HIV or immunocompromised patients) maint maintenance MAO/MAOI monoamine... [Pg.448]

Rifabutin is a rifamycin used for prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infections in patients with low CD4 count. As with rifampicin it induces hepatic enzymes, although to a lesser extent than rifampicin, and the effectiveness of some drugs including oral contraceptives may be reduced. [Pg.253]

The aminoglycoside (see Section II.c) streptomycin was the first antimycobacterial antibiotic. It has activity against extracellular mycobacteria with a high growth rate. The macrolide antibiotics azithromycin and clarithromycin (see Section Il.d.l) were approved for the treatment of disseminated mycobacterial infections due to Mycobacterium avium complex. [Pg.418]

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC) Blood, stool, sputum, bone marrow culture Microbiology laboratory BACTEC medium... [Pg.553]

D. Clarithromycin is one of the recommended antimicrobials for use in combination with other antimicrobials in treating disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex. [Pg.550]

Mechanism of Action An antitubercular that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, an enzyme in susceptible strains of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Rifabutin has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity including against mycobacteria such as Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC). Therapeutic Effect Prevents MAC disease. [Pg.1085]

Clarithromycin is derived from erythromycin by addition of a methyl group and has improved acid stability and oral absorption compared with erythromycin. Its mechanism of action is the same as that of erythromycin. Clarithromycin and erythromycin are virtually identical with respect to antibacterial activity except that clarithromycin is more active against Mycobacterium avium complex (see Chapter 47). Clarithromycin also has activity against M leprae and Toxoplasma gondii. Erythromycin-resistant streptococci and staphylococci are also resistant to clarithromycin. [Pg.1010]

Clarithromycin Oral longer half-life (4 h) so dosed twice daily added activity versus Mycobacterium avium complex, toxoplasma, and M leprae ... [Pg.1014]

The mechanism of action and other pharmacologic features of streptomycin are discussed in Chapter 45. The typical adult dose is 1 g/d (15 mg/kg/d). If the creatinine clearance is less than 30 mL/min or the patient is on hemodialysis, the dose is 15 mg/kg two or three times per week. Most tubercle bacilli are inhibited by streptomycin, 1-10 mcg/mL, in vitro. Nontuberculosis species of mycobacteria other than Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and Mycobacterium kansasii are... [Pg.1047]

Mycobacterium avium complex HIV-infected patients with CD4 count < 75/14. Azithromycin, clarithromycin, or rifabutin Excellent... [Pg.1114]

Mycobacterium avium complex Involvement of bone marrow, reticuloendothelial tissues Clarithromycin plus ethambutol rifabutin... [Pg.539]

Mycobacterium avium-Complex Infection Progress in Research and Treatment, edited by J. A. Korvick and C. A. Benson... [Pg.597]

Sirgel F, Venter A, Heilmann HD. Comparative in-vitro activity of Bay y 3118, a new quinolone, and ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex. /. Antimicrob. Chemother., 1995, 35, 349-351. [Pg.362]

Although spiramycin is used to treat toxoplasmosis, more potent inhibitors of Toxoplasma gondii have been reported [183-185]. In contrast to derivatives of erythromycin, activity was not observed from several 16-membered macrolides against Mycobacterium avium complex [186]. Similar trends have been noted with several other bacterial and parasitic pathogens in which 16-membered macrolides have not matched the promising activity shown by erythromycin derivatives [177]. [Pg.279]

A 35-year old Caucasian man with AIDS and multiple opportunistic infections, including Mycobacterium kansasii and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) disease developed moderate to severe primary sensorineural hearing loss after 4—5 months of therapy with oral azithromycin 500 mg/day. Other medications included ethambutol, isoniazid, rifabutin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, fluconazole, zidovudine (later switched to stavudine), lamivudine, indinavir, methadone, mod-ified-release oral morphine, pseudoephedrine, diphenhydramine, megestrol acetate, trazodone, sorbitol, salbutamol by metered-dose inhaler and nebulizer, ipratropium, and oral morphine solution as needed. Significant improvement of the hearing impairment was documented 3 weeks after drug withdrawal. [Pg.390]

Gastrointestinal symptoms were the most common adverse effects reported in a trial of azithromycin in disseminated Mycobacterium avium complex in 62 patients with AIDS (30). Erythromycin is a motilin receptor agonist (31-33). This mechanism may be at least partly responsible for the gastrointestinal adverse effects of macrolides. Azithromycin may act on gastrointestinal motility in a similar way to erythromycin, as it produces a significant increase in postprandial antral motility (34). [Pg.391]

Big Chemical Encyclopedia

Chemical substances, components, reactions, process design ...