Human immunodeficiency virus inhibition

Townsend L, Devivar R, Turk S, Nassiri M, Drach J (1995) Design, synthesis, and antiviral activity of certain 2,5,6-trihalo-l-(beta-d-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazoles. J Med Chem 38 4098 105 Turlure F, Devroe E, Silver PA, Engelman A (2004) Human cell proteins and human immunodeficiency virus DNA integration. Front Biosd 9 3187-3208 Umehara T, Fukuda K, Nishikawa F, Kohara M, Hasegawa T, NisUkawa S (2005) Rational design of dual-functional aptamers that inhibit the protease and helicase activities of HCV NS3. J Biochem 137 339-347... 

Zhou J, Yuan X, Dismuke D et al, (2004) Small-molecule inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by specific targeting of the final step of virion maturation, J Virol 78 922-929... 

Wild C, Oas T, McDanal C, Bolognesi D, Matthews T (1992) A synthetic peptide inhibitor of human immunodeficiency virus replication correlation between solution structure and viral inhibition, Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89 10537-10541... 

Das AT, Brummelkamp TR, Westerhout EM, Vink M, Madiredjo M, Bernards R, Berkhout B (2004) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 escapes from RNA interference-mediated inhibition, J Virol 78 2601-2605... 

Nishitsuji H, Kohara M, Kannagi M, Masuda T (2006) Effective suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 through a combination of short- or long-hairpin RNAs targeting essential sequences for retroviral integration, J Virol 80 7658-7666 Novina CD, Murray ME, Dykxhoorn DM, Beresford PJ, Riess J, Lee SK, Collman RG, Lieberman J, Shankar P, Sharp PA (2002) siRNA-directed inhibition of HlV-1 infection, Nat Med 8 681-686... 

Mautino MR, Morgan RA (2000) Potent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reph-cation by conditionally replicating human immunodeficiency virus-based lentiviral vectors expressing envelope antisense mRNA, Hum Gene Ther 11 2025-2037... 

Daelemans, D., Schols, D., Witvrouw, M., Rannecouque, C., Hatse, S., Door-EN, S.V., Hamy, F., Klimkait, X, Clercq, E.D., and Vandamme, A.-M. A second target for the peptoid Xat/transactivation response element inhibitor CGP64222 Inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus replication by blocking CXC-chemo-kine receptor 4-mediated virus entry. 

Myers R. L., Pandey V.N. Anti-TAR polyamide nucleotide analog conjugated with a membrane-permeating peptide inhibits human immunodeficiency virus type 1 production./. Virol. 2002 76 3881-3891. 

Lawrence DM, Durham LC, Schwartz L, Seth P, Marie D, Major EO (2004) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection of human brain-derived progenitor cells. J Virol 78(14) 7319-7328 Li XY, Guo F, Zhang L, Kleiman L, Cen S (2007) APOBEC3G inhibits DNA strand transfer during HIV-1 reverse transcription. J Biol Chem 282(44) 32065-32074 Lin J, Cullen BR (2007) Analysis of the interaction of primate retroviruses with the human RNA interference machinery. J Virol 81(22) 12218-12226 Liu JO (2005) The yins of T cell activation. Sci STKE 2005(265) rel... 

Luo K, Wang T, Liu B, Tian C, XiaoZ, Kappes J, YuXF (2007) Cytidine deaminases APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F interact with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase and inhibit proviral DNA formation. J Virol 81(13) 7238-7248... 

Catechins and proanthocyanidins have a documented antiviral activity. Catechins from an extract of Cocos nucifera husk fibre exhibited a strong inhibitory activity against acyclovir-resistant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-l-ACVr) [62]. The use of 10 to 20ngml of ECG and EGCG has been reported to cause 50% inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase [89], while Kara and Nakayama [90] reported that a patented chewing gum containing tea catechins is claimed to prevent viral infections against influenza and to inhibit dissemination of this virus. 

HIV phenotype A type of resistance testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in which a patient s blood sample is obtained, and the patient s HIV genes that encode for reverse transcriptase and protease are removed and placed in an HIV viral vector. This viral vector is replicated in a cell culture system with varying concentrations of antiretrovirals. A drug concentration-viral inhibition curve is developed and the concentration needed to inhibit 50% of the patient s virus is reported. This is used to predict resistance versus susceptibility. 

Trkola A, Paxton WA, Monard SP, et al. Genetic subtype-independent inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication by CC and CXC chemo-kines. J Virol 1998 72(l) 396-404. 

Stantchev TS, Broder CC. Consistent and significant inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope-mediated membrane fusion by beta-chemokines (RANTES) in primary human macrophages. J Infect Dis 2000 182(l) 68-78. 

Aquaro S, Menten P, Struyf S, et al. The LD78beta isoform of MIP-lalpha is the most potent CC-chemokine in inhibiting CCR5-dependent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication in human macrophages. J Virol 2001 75(9) 4402 1406. 

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