Hematologic effects

Lowest observed effect level (PbB) (Mg/dl) Heme synthesis and hematological effects Neurological effects Renal system effects Gastrointestinal effects ... 

Hydroxychloroquine administration may result in irritability, nervousness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea This drug also may have adverse effects on the eye, including blurred vision, comeal edema, halos around lights, and retinal damage. Hematologic effects, such as aplastic anemia and leukopenia, may also be seen. 

Hematological Effects. No information was found regarding hematological effects in humans following exposure to methyl parathion. Repeated oral exposure to methyl parathion resulted in decreased mean corpuseular volume in one study and decreased hematocrit and erythrocyte count in another study in rats. Chronic ingestion of methyl parathion induced reduction of mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, and erythrocyte eounts in rats. 

Reductions in erythrocyte and plasma cholinesterase levels are considered biomarkers of neurological effects and not hematological effects as discussed in Sections 3.2.2.4 and 3.5.2. 

Hematological Effects. No studies were located regarding hematological effects in humans after oral exposure to methyl parathion. 

Hematological Effects. Leukocytosis and decreased platelet counts were reported in a group of subjects shortly after they ingested an unknown amount of endosulfan (Blanco-Coronado et al. 1992). One subject from that study, who eventually died, had prolonged partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time with thrombocytopenia, and decreased fibrinogen two days after being admitted to the hospital. Elevated white cell count was also observed in an additional case of fatal acute poisoning with... 

The primary systemic targets of endosulfan toxicity in animals following dermal exposure are the liver and kidney. Adverse hematological effects have also been observed following dermal administration of endosulfan. No studies were located regarding musculoskeletal effects in humans or animals after dermal exposure to endosulfan. 

Hematological Effects. Normal hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell count, and differential... 

Hematological Effects. There are limited data on hematological effects of trichloroethylene in humans. 

Various minor hematological effects have been noted in animals. Rats exposed to 50-800 ppm of trichloroethylene continuously for 48 or 240 hours showed time- and dose-related depression of delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in liver, bone marrow, and erythrocytes (Fujita et al. 1984 Koizumi et al. 1984). Related effects included increased delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthetase activity, reduced heme saturation of tryptophan pyrrolase and reduced cytochrome P-450 levels in the liver and increased urinary excretion of... 

Hematological effects were not observed in mice treated by gavage with trichloroethylene in 1% aqueous Emulphor for 14 days at doses up to 240 mg/kg/day (Tucker et al. 1982). 

Hematological Effects. Persistent clinical lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in a 64-year-old man exposed to 241 Am when an ion-exchange column containing about 100 g of241 Am exploded in his face (Filipy et al. 1995). The explosion resulted in contact exposure through the intact and lacerated skin and presumed inhalation exposure (see Sections 3.2.3.1 and 3.2.3.2 for additional information regarding this accident). 

No reports were located regarding hematological effects in animals following acute-, intermediate-, or chronic-duration dermal exposure to americium. 

Section 3.2.3.2 Hematological Effects for a more detailed account of this accidental exposure to americium). 

Hematological Effects. A limited study reported dose-related depressions in white blood cell counts in dogs that were administered single intravenous injections of241 Am at activity levels of 0.1—2.8 pCi/kg (3.7-29.6 kBq/kg) (Dougherty 1970). Maximum depression in granular leukocytes and monocytes was reached approximately 1 month post injection. Depression of lymphocytes occurred more slowly minimal... 

Ragan HA, Mahaffey JA, Breitenstein BD. 1983. 1976 Hanford americium exposure incident Hematologic effects. Health Phys 45(4) 923-932. 

Hematological effects were noted in several animal studies. A few instances of significant differences were noted in the hematocytology (red blood cell [RBC] count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, and differential leukocyte count) in rats that had received diisopropyl methylphosphonate in the diet at doses of 0, 30, 100, or 300 mg/kg/day for 90 days. However, because the differences were so scattered and lacked clear dose response, they were considered of no toxicological importance (Hart 1976). Beagles that had been treated with the compound in the diet at doses of 4, 13, or 38 mg/kg/day for 14 days demonstrated values that were within normal limits for... 

In a study of calves given a single dose of diisopropyl methylphosphonate at 62.5, 125, 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg via gelatin capsules placed with a balling gun, no hematological effects were observed at any dose level (Palmer et al. 1979). 

This study is supported by intermediate-duration NOAELs for hematological effects of 75 mg/kg/day in a dog study (Hart 1980) and 45 mg/kg/day (males) and 57 mg/kg/day (females) in a mink study (Bucci et al. 1997). In the Bucci et al. (1997) mink study, the next highest level, 262 or 330 mg/kg/day in males and females, respectively, produced hematological changes that included increased Heinz body counts, reticulocytes, mean cell volume, and decreased RBC counts. 

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