Hazardous chemicals shipping

Chemical manufacturers, importers, distributors, or employers who become newly aware of any significant information regarding the hazards of a chemical must revise the labels for the chemical within six months of becoming aware of the new information, and must ensure that labels on containers of hazardous chemicals shipped after that time contain the new information. If the chemical is not currently produced or imported, the chemical manufacturer, importer, distributor, or employer must add the information to the label before the chemical is shipped or introduced into the workplace again. 

Warning labels. The hazard communication standard requires every chemical manufacturer (or importer, if the chemical is of foreign manufacture) to label every container of hazardous chemical shipped to a user. The... 

The aromatic hydrocarbons are used mainly as solvents and as feedstock chemicals for chemical processes that produce other valuable chemicals. With regard to cyclical hydrocarbons, the aromatic hydrocarbons are the only compounds discussed. These compounds all have the six-carbon benzene ring as a base, but there are also three-, four-, five-, and seven-carbon rings. These materials will be considered as we examine their occurrence as hazardous materials. After the alkanes, the aromatics are the next most common chemicals shipped and used in commerce. The short-chain olefins (alkenes) such as ethylene and propylene may be shipped in larger quantities because of their use as monomers, but for sheer numbers of different compounds, the aromatics will surpass even the alkanes in number, although not in volume. 

In 1990-1991, American industries involved in hazardous chemicals/materials production, shipping, storing, and usage were scrutinized from both a safety and security viewpoint, to the point where OSHA s Process Safety Management Standard (PSM) 29 CFR 1910.119 was generated to address these concerns. PSM was promulgated in 1992, to be fully complied with by May of 1997. 

Acetone is sold commercially in three grades, USP (99%), CP (99.5%), and technical (99.5%). The terms USP and CP are acronyms used in the trade ar>d stand for U.S. pure and chemical pure. Acetone is shipped in run-of-the-mill tank trucks, in tank cars, and in drums. The hazardous material shipping placard must be displayed for this highly flammable liquid. 

The small amount of mixed terphenyls that are sold as such, are shipped in the form of flaked solids in 22.7 kg multiwall bags. The U.S. freight classification is Plastics, synthetic other than liquid, NOIBN. Like biphenyl, mixed terphenyls fall under the hazardous chemical criteria of the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). 

The terphenyl—quaterphenyl heat-transfer medium (Table 4), sold as Therminol 75 heat-transfer fluid, is shipped in drums, tank car, or tank truck lots. Its U.S. freight classification is Heat-Transfer Media, NOIBN. The material does not require a DOT hazardous material label, but does fall under the hazardous chemical criteria of the OSHA Hazards Communications Standard (19 CFR 1910.1200). 

Calcium carbide is classed as a hazardous chemical under Department of Transportation regulations. Domestic shipments are mainly in steel tote bins varying in capacity from 2.5—4.5 t. A small amount continues to be shipped in industrial wide mouth sted drums of 270 kg capacity. Containers must be marked "Flammable solid, dangerous when wet" and have the United Nations designation UN 1402. 

See also Danger of Handling Explosives and Dangerous (Hazardous) Chemicals and Other Materials in this Volume Refs for Shipping and Storing Dangerous Materials l)M.M.Kostevich, "War Ammunition... 

The proper selection of chemical shipping descriptions, and the determination of the hazard class, require chemical expertise and familiarity with DOT definitions of such classes, which are provided in Part 173 of the hazardous materials regulations. In some cases such definitions are sufficiendy... 

The HCS, also known as the Employee Right-to-Know Law, is basically concerned with the exposure of workers to hazardous chemicals in the workplace. Under this standard, since 1986, all manufacturers, importers, and distributors of hazardous chemicals have had to label the containers they ship, listing the ingredients and hazards of the material in the containers, and provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) to all downstream users, handlers, and storers of these chemicals. 

Are hazards, chemical reactivity, water pollution, shipping informatioa, hazard assessment codes, hazard classiflcations, and physicai and chemical properties. 

This had made things so confusing and expensive that UPS has stopped shipping all hazardous chemicals Fed Ex and others will follow. This mean hazardous chems (such as sulfuric acid and isopropyl alcohol) will have to be shipped on interstate trucking. The minimum charges for a simple bottle of iPrOH shipped this wayisover 100. Yikes ... 

OSHA Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200) The US OSHA s Hazard Communication Standard (HCS) ensures that information about chemical hazards and associated protective measures is provided to workers and employers. This is accomplished by requiring chemical manufacturers and importers to evaluate the hazards of the chemicals they produce or import, and to provide information through labels on shipped containers and MSDSs. Employers with hazardous chemicals in their workplaces must prepare and implement a written hazard communication program, and must ensure that containers are labeled, employees are provided access to MSDSs, and an effective training program is conducted for all potentially exposed employees. The HCS provides workers the right-to-know the... 

SARA 313 reportable chemical. Classified as environmentally hazardous for shipping purposes. EPA regulated under the Clean Water Act. 

This internationalization of hazardous materials regulations, or at least the impact of its importance, is of recent origin. Up until the last dozen years each country went its own way there are still some major developed nations without regulatory statutes in place. However, as in all other areas of international trade, the amount of chemicals shipped became so great, and thus the potential hazards so significant, that the inherent requirements for standardized markings could no longer be denied. 

Chemical manufacturers or importers shall ensure that distributors and manufacturing purchasers of hazardous chemicals are provided an appropriate material safety data sheet with their initial shipment, and with the first shipment after a material safety data sheet is updated. The chemical manufacturer or importer shall either provide material safety data sheets with the shipped containers or send them to the manufacturing ptirchaser prior to or at the time of the shipment. If the material safety data sheet is not provided with the shipment, the manufacturing purchaser shall obtain one from the chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor as soon as possible. 

Large-blow-molded articles, such as 55-gal shipping containers, are produced. Equipment is now available to blow mold very large containers, such as 200- and 500-gal capacity industrial trash receptacles and 250-gal vessels to transport hazardous chemicals. 

One subtle example of how a situation could be made worse occurs when the risk is transferred from the facility to one of its suppliers. For example, instead of storing large quantities of a hazardous chemical on site, the company management may ask their supplier to do so, and then to ship the chemical as needed using a just-in-time management system. If it turns out that the supplier s risk management procedures are worse than those of the operating facility, then overall risks have increased. 

The containers, normally drums, offered to the transporter or used by the commercial disposal firm must be marked with an appropriate label as defined in the tables in Parts 172.101 and 172.203. No container can be marked with a label for a material not in the container. Besides these DOT labels, EPA/RCRA regulations require each container to have a label stating prominently that the container contains a hazardous waste. The EPA/RCRA label contains much of the same information found on the shipping papers or manifests generator name and address, accumulation start date, manifest number, proper shipping name, and UN or NA number. Additional information may be provided by the gai ator. An example of a hazardous waste label is shown in Figure 4.13. If the container contains a hazardous chemical related by OSHA in a substance-specific health standard, a label identifying the material and the hazard must be on the container. Labels are to be placed within 6 inches of each other and must be on the side of the container, not the top. 

Containers of hazardous chemicals which leave the workplace, referred to as "shipped containers," must be labeled with these six required elements ... 

Section 14. Transport information — Provides guidance on classification information for shipping and transporting of hazardous chemical(s) by road, air, rail, or sea ... 

J. J. Keller s HazCom Made Easier is an illustrated reference and training tool that teaches employees how to safely handle, ship, and receive hazardous chemicals. 

The chemical manufacturer, importer, or distributor is responsible for labeling, tagging, or marking each container of hazardous chemicals for which they determine to have potential hazards. When chemicals are shipped by tank truck or rail car, the label can be provided along with the shipping papers and MSDS. Department of Transportation (DOT) placards serve as hazard warnings while the chemical(s) is in transport. 

OSHA and the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) require the use of GHS-compliant labels on shipped containers of hazardous chemicals. To be both OSHA- and GHS-compliant, labels on containers shipped to or from your site must have six elements ... 

OSHA requires that all shipped containers of hazardous chemicals be labeled, tagged, or marked with six elements according to the Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standard, 29 CFR 1910.1200 ... 

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