Containment loss

Refrigerated storage of hazardous materials that are stored at or below their atmospheric boiling points mitigates the consequences of containment loss in three ways ... 

Lids and/or inspection ports opened while in operation leading to loss of containment, loss of inerting, operator exposure. 

Priestley, after his return from the continent in November, 1774, did not take up the more extensive study of the new gas he had obtained from mercurius calcinatus until May 1, 1775. He then found that when tested for purity by his usual test, the nitrous air, that the new gas was much purer than common air, even between five and six times as good as the best common air that I have ever met with. Being now fully satisfied with respect to the nature of this new species of air, viz., that, being capable of taking-more phlogiston from nitrous air, it therefore contains loss... 

C is a permitted starting materia since it is a monosttbsli-tuted organic molecule containing loss than five carbons. 

The form factor of the RHP represents the physical state of the material e.g. gas, liquid, or solid, the implied mobility and hence the potential for dispersion and subsequent ability to cause harm. The form factor addresses the amount of material that would be released from the bulk material if containment was lost completely for a short period (e.g. 1 day). In this situation, a gas or liquid might be expected to disperse quickly, but a solid block of glass would remain immobile. The form factor does not consider the likelihood of any containment loss but is intended to reflect the consequences in the event that such a... 

Phenylethyl alcohol is stable in bulk, but is volatile and sensitive to light and oxidizing agents. It is reasonably stable in both acidic and alkaline solutions. Aqueous solutions may be sterilized by autoclaving. If stored in low-density polyethylene containers, phenylethyl alcohol may be absorbed by the containers. Losses to polypropylene containers have been reported to be insignificant over 12 weeks at 30°C. Sorption to rubber closures is generally small. 

In addition, real process units are neither completely inviscid, irrotational or isentropic, thus several extended forms of the Bernoulli equation are used in practice constituting various forms of energy balances containing loss and/or work terms. Two extremely important variants of the original relation are outlined in the following paragraphs. 

Factory Mutual Engineering Corporation, Flammable Liquids in Drums and Smaller Containers. Loss Prevention Data 7-29, Norwood, MA, September, 1989. 

Unless an event like a containment-internal explosion or fire is the cause, the release begins with a leak. The cause can be a failure of the containment (loss of containment LOG) or a planned relief via bursting discs or safety valves, unless they discharge into a receiving vessel. Erequent failure mechanisms and their expected frequencies of occurrence were already addressed in Sect 8.1. 

The reactor is located in an underground silo and has a guard vessel/containment. Loss of primary or secondary coolants is inconceivable. 

Bruneau et al. (2003) define resilience as characterized by four main properties robustness, rapidity, redundancy, and resourcefulness (4 R s), to be managed and computed as proxies of resilience. Robustness is related to the strength, or the ability of elements, systems, and other units of analysis to withstand a given level of stress or demand without suffering degradation or loss of function. Rapidity is the capacity to meet priorities and achieve goals in a timely manner in order to contain losses and avoid future disruption. Redundancy refers to the availability of substitutable elements or systems in the aftermath of a disruption, and resourcefulness is the capacity to mobilize material and human resources. Within this approach, different methods have been proposed, whose final scope is to compute resilience as the ability to cope with degradation in system performance Q(t), over time. Numerically, resilience R is often computed as the area underneath function Q(t), divided by the time to restore the pre-event performance (Fig. 1) ... 

This section addresses emergency response procedures used to control and contain loss of property and prevent injury to workers in the chemical industry workplace due to fire, explosion, toxic chemical spill, and/or accidents. Moreover, an emergency response procedure, currently used in a chemical industry workplace, is presented as an example of the type of procedure that is required. Along with standard emergency response procedures for use in the workplace, several work practices related to specific workplace equipment is included. Finally, emergency medical response procedures for the chemical industry workplace are discussed. 

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