Hazard Identification Summary

Hazards identification summary of the major hazards and health effects. 

An elementary introduction to chemistry is given in Chapter 3 this serves only to provide background and for more advanced consideration reference will be necessary to specific text books, e.g. as listed in the Bibliography. A brief discussion of the relevance of physicochemical principles to hazard identification is given in Chapter 4. Relevant toxic and flammable properties, and summaries of appropriate precautions to cater for them during handling, use and disposal, are provided in Chapters 5 and 6, respectively. Reactive hazards are discussed in Chapter 7. The special problems with cryogenic materials and chemicals under pressure, typified by compressed... 

Risk characterization The synthesis of critically evaluated information and data from exposure assessment, hazard identification and dose-response considerations into a summary that identifies clearly the... 

Risk characterization The synthesis of critically evaluated information and data from exposure assessment, hazard identification, and dose-response considerations into a summary that identifies clearly the strengths and weaknesses of the database, the criteria applied to evaluation and validation of all aspects of methodology, and the conclusions reached from the review of scientific information. 

Thus, in summary, most of the identified sources of uncertainty relating to the hazard assessment concern the relevance of different methods for hazard identification. The relevance of sub-chronic testing is considered particularly uncertain for persistent and highly lipophilic substances for which low-level, long-term exposures are predicted. 

ASSESSMENT OF RISKS TO HUMANS EXPOSED TO PESTICIDES 2 The Four Steps in Risk Assessment 2 Hazard Identification 2 Dose-Response Assessment 3 Margin of Safety Approach 3 Quantitative Risk Assessment 3 Exposure Assessment 4 Risk Characterization 4 RISK MANAGEMENT 5 ADVANCES IN DATA INTERPRETATION 5 Probabilistic Approaches 5 Recognition of the Tier Approach 5 Aggregate Exposure 6 Cumulative Exposure 6 Impact of New Scientific Advances 7 Post-Registration Monitoring 7 HARMONIZATION OF REGULATORY APPROACHES SUMMARY 9... 

Because of the relative dearth of toxicological testing data, hazard identification for environmental pollutants becomes a challenging task. Until such data become available, computational approaches and tools are being routinely used. The US EPA s MIXTOX database [14,32,33] is a collection of bibliographic summaries of chemical interaction studies, most of which are studies of binary mixtures. Veteran mixtures risk assessors may be familiar with the... 

The first section of this chapter provides a discussion of hazard assessment, classification of potentially dangerous substances, and the process of risk assessment. A summary of the mandatory and voluntary initiatives for regulating chemicals and biocides in the United States and Europe is also included together with information on the regulatory aspects of hazard communication. The second section deals with the scientific aspects of hazard identification and risk assessment of carcinogenic chemicals within the regulatory context. 

The Chemical Data Summary Sheet (CDSS) is a part of a larger INEEL Chemical Management System (ICMS) — a computerized tracking system for chemical products, chemicals, or hazardous agents (CPCHA). INEEL developed the CDSS as a tool to aid in hazard identification. Chemical safety experts evaluated every CPCHA at INEEL and developed a CDSS for each. Information on the CDSS includes the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) diamond a listing of all hazards and a compatibility classification, time-sensitive classification, and building code classification for the identified CPCHA. While the CDSS is not a replacement for an MSDS, it does contain site-specific safety information that cannot be found in an MSDS and that information is presented in a standardized format... 

Warren Centre for Advanced Engineering (1986). Hazard Identification and Risk Control for the Chemical and Related Industries Major Industrial Hazards Project, Summary Report, ed. D. H. Slater, R. M. Pitblado, and E. R. Corran. Australia The Warren Centre, University of Sydney. 

In summary, a practical testing strategy for oculotoxicity which utilises the framework of existing guidelines but which equally retains the flexibility to extend the range of technical procedures to address specific oculotoxic effects is considered to offer the best approach to hazard identification in man. 

This is a brief summary of NFPA 704 which addresses hazards that maybe caused by shoii-term, acute exposure to a material during handling under conditions of fire, spill, or similar emergencies. This standard provides a simple, easily recognized, easily understood system of markings. The objective is to provide on-the-spot identification of hazardous materials. 

The preparation and use of Laboratory Chemical Safety Summaries as described here are consistent with the Chemical Hygiene Plans required for every laboratory under the OSHA Laboratory Standard. Thus, the identification of substances that meet the OSHA criteria for "particularly hazardous substances" or "select carcinogens" should be facilitated by the use of these summaries. 

The analysis will also look for opportunities for hazard mitigation through identification of human error potential and improved information presentation by comparing the TA with HMI design guidelines from appropriate sectors. In summary, the CTA will enable the safety-related system developer to ... 

Subsection 4.2 in the Planning Section sets forth additional problem identification mechanisms in its requirements for Assessment and Prioritization. In summary, employers are to have processes in place to identify and analyze hazards, assess the risks deriving from those hazards, and establish priorities for amelioration that, when acted on, will attain acceptable risk levels. Appendix K Bibliography and... 

To recognize occupational factors or stresses, a health and safety professional must first know about the chemicals used as raw materials and the nature of the products and by-products manufactured. This sometimes requires great effort. The required information can be obtained from the material safety data sheet (MSDS), which must be supplied by the chanical manufacturer or importer to the purchaser for all hazardous materials under the hazard conununication standard. The MSDS is a summary of the important health, safety, and toxicological information on the chanical or the mixture ingredients. Other stipulations of the hazard communication standard require that all containers of hazardous substances in the workplace be labeled with appropriate warning and identification labels. If the MSDS or the label does not give complete information but only trade names, it may be necessary to contact the mannfacturer of the chemicals to obtain this information. 

California Environmental Protection Agency. 1998. Executive Summary for the Proposed Identification of Diesel Exhaust as a Toxic Air Contaminant. Air Resources Board, Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment, April 22. 

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