Analyze the Hazards

The tolling team has analyzed the hazards, addressed the risks and modifications using a management of change system, revised and written procedures, trained the workers, performed a PSSR, and completed any required test runs. The pre-startup phase is complete at this point. 

Analyzing the Hazard Evaluation Process. Waterville Valley, New Hampshire, 14 to 18 Aug 1978. Published by The American Fisheries Society, 1979. 

Kenaga, E.E. (1977) Aquatic test organisms and methods useful for assessment of chronic toxicity of chemicals. In Analyzing the Hazard Evaluation Process, Dickson, K.L., Maki, A.W. and Cairns Jr., J. (eds), pp. 101-111. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. 

This Handbook is comprised of two Volumes. Volume 1 contains the core material. Chapter 1 presents a discussion of how chemical management fits into ISM. The ISM Core Functions (Define the Scope of Work, Analyze the Hazards, Develop and Implement Hazard Controls, Perform Work within Controls, and Provide Feedback and Continuous Improvement) provide the structure needed to ensure all work activity is undertaken safely. 

Integrated Safety Management Core Functions—The core safety management functions for DOE P 450.4, Safety Management System Policy, which are to (1) define the scope of work (2) analyze the hazards (3) develop and implement hazard controls (4) perform work within controls and (5) provide feedback and continuous improvement. These functions are also identified in DEAR 48 CFR 970.5204-2(c). 

In the second method, the inherent safety index proposed by Heikkila [36] is appHed for safety analysis, which requires less information and covers lots of safety aspects [53]. Table 6.14 shows the results obtained from the inherent safety index method for both the technologies. In the inherent safety index method, the chemical inherent safety index and process inherent safety index are assigned to analyze the hazards caused by chemicals. 

In applying The Safety Decision Hierarchy, the goal in the problem identification and analysis phase is to identify and analyze the hazards and assess the risks. Hazard and risk problems cannot be intelligently addressed until the hazards are analyzed and assessments are made of the probability of incidents or exposures occurring and the possible severity of their consequences. Chapter 8, A Primer on Hazard Analysis and Risk Assessment, is a resource for this problem identification and analysis phase. 

When you review new material, the place to start is the manufacturer s Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). An MSDS is required for all materials containing hazardous substances. It should arrive with each shipment. The MSDS should provide hazard information. You should have someone knowledgeable to analyze the hazard a chemical presents and to prevent or control any associated hazard [2]. 

Conceptually, it analyzes the hazard events, then offers a number of independent protection layers (see Fig. 11/4.3.7-1) so that risk frequency is reduced and system is acceptable. In LOPA, each of the independent protection layers (IPLs) are tested and analyzed individually to see how it provides prevention/mitigation of hazards for which they are used. Thus IPLs could be preventive as well as mitigating types. LOPA is mainly concerned with mitigating type protection layers. In a later part of this clause, it will be discussed that, in LOPA each of the protection layers are analyzed for their probability of failure on demand (PFD), which is very relevant in the context of safety integrity level (SIL) and associated international standards like International Society of Automation (ISA) 84 and lEC 61508/61511. In fact, it was initially... 

Hazard analysis The next step is to analyze the hazards identified. A hazard analysis is a technique for studying the cause/consequence relation of the hazard potential in a system. The pnrpose is to take the PHL one level deeper and assess how each hazard affeas the system. Is it catastrophic Or is it critical The hazard analysis will also assist you in further assessing which hazards are important and which are not and therefore do not need further study. Chapters 5 through 9 describe various hazard analysis techniques that are commonly used in different industries. 

SMSs, whether developed for the aerospace, marine, food, or any other industry for that matter, all have certain concepts and elements in common. As explained in detail in Chapter 2, especially Figure 2.2, the safety organization within the SMS must follow a certain process. To refresh your memory, first, understand what you want to do (or protect, i.e., lives, hardware) then identify the hazards in the process analyze the hazards evaluate the risks (including the costs and benefits) control or mitigate the unacceptable risks verify that it is in place and finally, document and periodically review the entire system. The SMS institutionalizes this system safety process. Simply put, if the safety organization does not apply the system safety process, then it is not a viable SMS. 

The next entry is HRI. This is the severity and probability as taken from Table 5.4. You have to analyze the hazard and make an assessment of its risk. This risk index is particularly useful in database managonent. You can sort and print out all HRIs that are 1A to IC, for example. This then allows you to prioritize which hazards will be rectified first and also help track those hazard closures. 

Dickson, K.L., A.W. Maki, and J. Cairns, Jr., 1979. Analyzing the hazard evaluation process. Water Quality Section, American Fisheries Society, Washington, D.C. 

Maki, A.W. 1979. An analysis of decision criteria in environmental hazard evaluation programs. In K.L. Dickson, A.W. Maki, and J. Cairns, Jr. (Eds.), Analyzing the hazard evaluation program. Proceedings of a Workshop, Waterville Valley, New Hampshire, August 14-18, 1978, American Fisheries Society, Washington, D.C. pp. 83-100. 

Analyze the hazards. Hazards associated with the work are identified, analyzed, and categorized. Analyzing hazards is built into the BBS process. 

Analyze the hazard For each job task with a hazard source identified, use the job hazard analysis matrix table and discuss the hazard with the affected employee and supervisor. Fill out the right side of the hazard assessment form ... 

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