Relative degree

Dow Fire and Explosion Index. The Dow Eire and Explosion Index (3) is a procedure usehil for determining the relative degree of hazard related to flammable and explosive materials. This Index form works essentially the same way as an income tax form. Penalties are provided for inventory, extended temperatures and pressures, reactivity, etc, and credits are appHed for fire protection systems, process control (qv), and material isolation. The complete procedure is capable of estimating a doUar amount for the maximum probable property damage and the business intermptionloss based on an empirical correlation provided with the Index. 

The use of this system will provide a standard method of identifying the relative degree of hazard that is contained in various tanks, vessels, and pipelines. Suggested applications include ... 

One of the most common modes of characterization involves the determination of a material s surface chemistry. This is accomplished via interpretation of the fiag-mentation pattern in the static SIMS mass spectrum. This fingerprint yields a great deal of information about a sample s outer chemical nature, including the relative degree of unsaturation, the presence or absence of aromatic groups, and branching. In addition to the chemical information, the mass spectrum also provides data about any surface impurities or contaminants. 

Toxicity The relative degree of being poisonous or toxic. A condition which may exist in wastes and will inhibit or destroy the growth or function of certain organisms. 

Figure 2 Stability of /3-poly(L-malate) measured by its activity to inhibit purified DNA polymerase a of P. polyceph-alum. The relative degree of inhibition is shown (100 rel. units refer to complete inhibition). The DNA polymerase assay was carried out in the presence of 5 /tg/ml /S-poly(L-malate) as described [4]. The polymer was preincubated for 7 days at 4°C in the following buffer solutions (50 mM) KCl/HCl (—A—). Citrate (—V—). 2-(A/-Morpholino)-ethanesulfonic acid, sodium salt (—O—). Sodium phosphate (— —). N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N -(2-ethanesul-fonic acid), sodium salt (— — ). N,N-b s (2-Hydroxyethyl)-glycine, sodium salt (—T—). Tris/HCl (— —). 3-(Cyclo-hexylamino)-l-propanesulfonic acid, sodium salt (— —).

From such crude data as are to be found in the literature we can calculate approximate values of the equilibrium constants, and hence of the free energies of dissociation for the various hexaarylethanes. From our quantum-mechanical treatment, on the other hand, we obtain only the heats of dissociation, for which, except in the single case of hexaphenylethane, we have no experimental data. Thus, in order that we may compare our results with those of experiment, we must make the plausible assumption that the entropies of dissociation vary only slightly from ethane to ethane. Then at a given temperature the heats of dissociation run parallel to the free energies and can be used instead of the latter in predicting the relative degrees of dissociation of the different molecules. 

Fig. 8.—Curve showing the dependence of carbon-carbon bond distance on the relative degree of single-bond-double-bond character.

The downward spectral irradiance data [Ed(X), the ambient UV radiation] were generated with the atmospheric model of Frederick and Lubin (27) and ozone levels measured during the course of this study (J.E. Frederick, pers. commun.). The relative degree of UV enhancement (%ENH) for each chamber was calculated as follows ... 

In aqueous solutions, approximately one atom of deuterium, D, is present for every 7000 atoms of the ordinary hydrogen isotope (protium, H). In the evolntion of heavy hydrogen, HD, the polarization is approximately 0.1 V higher than in the evolution of ordinary hydrogen, H2. Hence during electrolysis the gas will be richer in protium, and the residual solution will be richer in deuterium. The relative degree of enrichment is called the separation factor (S) of the hydrogen isotopes,... 

The kinetics of formation and dissociation of the Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ complexes of the mono- and di-benzo-substituted forms of 2.2.2, namely (214) and (285), have been studied in water (Bemtgen et al., 1984). The introduction of the benzene rings causes a progressive drop in the formation rates the dissociation rate for the Ca2+ complex remains almost constant while those for the Sr2+ and Ba2+ complexes increase. All complexes undergo first-order, proton-catalyzed dissociation with 0bs — kd + /ch[H+]. The relative degree of acid catalysis increases in the order Ba2+ < Sr2+ < Ca2+ for a given ligand. The ability of the cryptate to achieve a conformation which is accessible to proton attack appears to be inversely proportional to the size of the complexed metal cation in these cases. 

Ryan [36] developed a method to determine the relative degree of crystallinity (RDC) of imipenem in lypophilized combination products containing imipenem and amorphous cilastatin sodium. He used the relationship... 

The TNO method identifies the confined volumes in a process, assigns a relative degree of confinement, and then determines the contribution to the overpressure from this confined volume (TNO is the Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research). Semi-empirical curves are used to determine the overpressure. 

Table 3.3 shows in the upper half the relative degrees of allocation and of utilization of the stations of the basic configuration. 

Materials that demonstrate unusual reactivity with water are identified as W, and materials that possess oxidizing properties shall be identified by the letters OX. Other special hazard symbols may be used to identify radioactive hazards, corrosive hazards, substances that are toxic to fish, and so on. The use of this system provides a standard method of identifying the relative degree of hazard that is contained in various tanks, vessels, and pipelines. 

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