Kidney tubular cells

Kidney Tubular cells Low MW proteins (Lysozyme) Rat, man Nephrotic syndrome Renal cancer... 

Selective excretion and rc.ihsorplion or Na and K are accomplished by means of Ihe kidney tubular cell membranes. The volume of... 

The chemical action of all isotopes and isotopic mixtures of uranium are identical, regardless of the specific activity, because chemical action depends only on chemical properties. Thus, the chemical toxicities of natural, depleted, and enriched uranium are identical. Current evidence from animals studies suggests that the toxicity of uranium is mainly due to its chemical damage to kidney tubular cells, leading to nephritis. 

The transporter has much lower activity in kidney [66], but the kinetic patterns are similar to those observed with liver mitochondria. Prevention of glutamate efflux from mitochondria by H" in kidney tubular cells is probably a very important aspect of control of ammoniagenesis in kidney (c.f.. Section 6.4). 

Many active transport processes are not directly driven by ATP hydrolysis but by ion gradients. For example, uptake of glucose or amino acids in enterocytes and kidney tubular cells is mediated by Na cotransport systems [6-9]. Na ions enter the cells along their electrochemical gradient, which is driven by the Na /K -ATPase (Figure 9.6). 

For example, some SLC on the sinusoidal (basolateral) membrane of hepatocytes take up organic anions, while the ABC on the apical membranes of bile canicular cells excrete them. The combined activities of these two transporters thus results in the vectorial transport of drugs from the blood to the bile. Similarly, the basolateral transporters of the kidney tubular cells act in a coordinated, vectorial manner with apical transporters to secrete organic cations (OCs) from the blood to the urine. 

NTP (2004a). Chemicals associated with site-specific tumor induction in kidney tubular cell. Accessed from http //ntp-server.niehs.nih.gov/htdocs/sites/psite cnt.html on 18 May 2004. 

Both the plasma membrane and internal membranes associated with organelles may be damaged by toxic compounds. As already discussed, this may be due to lipid peroxidation which alters and destroys membrane lipids. As many enzymes and transport processes are membrane bound this will affect the function of the organelle as well as the structure. Sulphydryl groups in membranes may be targets for mercuric ions in kidney tubular cells and for methyl mercury in the CNS for example. The result is changes in membrane permeability and transport and subsequent cell death. Structural damage can be... 

Hang Yang A, Gould-Kostka J, Oberley TD. In vitro growth and differentiation of human kidney tubular cells on a basement membrane substrate. In vitro Cell Dev 1987 23 34-46. 

Moutabarrik A, Ishibashi M, Fukunaga M, Kameoka H, Kawaguchi N, Takano Y, Kokado Y, Sonoda T, Onishi S, Takahara S, OkuyamaA. FK 506-induced kidney tubular cell injury. Transplantation 1992 54 1041-1047. 

Hartnup disease Is another genetically determined and relatively rare autosomal recessive disorder. It is caused by a defect in the transport of neutral amino acids across both intestinal and renal epithelial cells. The signs and symptoms are, in part, caused by a deficiency of essential amino acids (see Clinical Comments). Cystinuria and Hartnup disease involve defects in two different transport proteins. In each case, the defect is present both in intestinal cells, causing malabsorption of the amino acids from the digestive products in the intestinal lumen and in kidney tubular cells, causing a decreased resorption of these amino acids from the glomerular filtrate. 

Not fully understood. The authors of the studies concluded that ciclosporin has no specific inhibitory effect on the renal elimination of digoxin, but that it causes a non-specific reduction in renal function after acute administration, which reduces digoxin elimination. Conversely, another study in animals suggested that ciclosporin can reduce the secretion of digoxin by the kidney tubular cells by inhibiting P-glycoprotein. ... 

Although pinocytosis has not been observed in most mammalian cells, it has been seen in kidney tubular cells, intestinal epithelial cells, leucocytes, reticuloendothelial cells, the Kupffer (phagocytic) cells of... 

---