Quantitative trait locus

Fig. 3. Homologous chromosomes having evenly spaced genetic markers (1 9). The segregation of the or quantitative trait loci (QTL) can be followed using marker 2. Polymorphisms within marker 2 can be used to foUow the segregation of the genes within the QTL, even though the exact location or...

Buck KJ, Metten P, Belknap JK et al (1997) Quantitative trait loci involved in genetic predisposition to acute alcohol withdrawal in mice. J Neurosci 17 3946-3955... 

Buck K, Metten P, Belknap J, et al Quantitative trait loci affecting risk for pentobarbital withdrawal map near alcohol withdrawal loci on mouse chromosomes 1, 4, and... 

K, Conneally PM, Hesselbrock V, Rice JP, Schuckit MA, Cloninger R, Nurn-berger JJr., Crowe R, Bloom, FE. Quantitative trait loci analysis of human event-related brain potentials P3 voltage. Elec-troenceph Clin Neurophysiol 1998 1-7. 

Markel PD, Bennett B, Beeson M, Gordon L, Johnson TE. Confirmation of quantitative trait loci for ethanol sensitivity in long-sleep and short sleep mice. Genome Res 1997 7 92-99. 

Lloyd, S. E. et al. Identification of multiple quantitative trait loci linked to prion disease incubation period in mice. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 98 6279-6283, 2001. 

Willems, G., and Samitou-Laprade, P., 2004, Genetic characterisation and mapping of Quantitative Trait Loci involved in zinc tolerance and accumulation in Arabidopsis halleri subsp. halleri, COST Action 859, 1 WG2 Workshop - Exploiting -omics approaches in phytotechnologies, p. 45. 

Katengam S, Crane JM, Slabaugh MB, Knapp SJ (200J) Genetic mapping of a macromutation and quantitative trait loci underlying fatty acid composition differences in meadowfoam oil. Crop Sci 41 1927-1930... 

Moreover, their housing is less space- and cost-intensive, which predestines them for large mutagenesis screens, selective breeding and quantitative trait loci studies. Although rats are principally indispensable for behavioural experiments, mice will clearly dominate the experimental analysis of learning and memory for the next decade. 

Before leaving the abuse and addiction area, the exciting work in which animal models are used to map genes for drug abuse, alcoholism, neuroleptic-induced catalepsy, and stimulant response deserves mention (Crabbe et ah, 1994 Kanes et al., 1996 Grisel et al., 1997). The application of powerful quantitative trait loci (QTE) approaches to animal models will almost... 

Grisel, J.E., Belknap, J.K., O Toole, L.A., Helms, M.L., Wenger, C.D., and Crabbe, J.C. (1997) Quantitative trait loci affecting methamphetamine responses in BXD recombinant inbred mouse strains./ Neurosci 17 745-754. 

Both twin studies and quantitative trait loci mapping methods have provided evidence for a significant genetic contribution to the risk of developing a substance dependence disorder. However, both of these lines of research have underscored the importance of environmental factors. A rich body of preclinical work has demonstrated that stress delivered at a wide range of time points in development can modulate proclivity towards drug self-administration. Evidence has suggested... 

Berrettini, W.H., Ferraro, T.N., Alexander, R.C., Buchberg, A.M., and Vogel, W.H. (1994) Quantitative trait loci mapping of three loci controlling morphine preference using inbred mouse strains. Nat Geneti 7 54-58. 

Jones, B.C., Tarantino, L.M., Rodriguez, L.A., Reed, C.L., Mc-Clearn, G.E., Plomin, R., and Erwin, V.G. (1999) Quantitative-trait loci analysis of cocaine-related behaviours and neurochemistry. Pharmacogenetics 9 607-617. 

Byrne, P.F. et al.. Quantitative trait loci and metabolic pathways genetic control of the concentration of maysin, a corn earworm resistance factor, in maize silks, P. Natl Acad. Scl USA, 93, 8820, 1996. 

Many genetic studies in potato have focused on disease resistance. A summary of disease resistance genes and quantitative trait loci in potato has recently been published (Celebi-Toprak et al., 2005b). In addition, major quantitative trait loci have been identified for tuber dormancy (chromosome II), tuber eye depth (chromosome X), flesh color (chromosome IV), tuber shape (chromosome II) and uniformity of tuber shape (chromosome III) (Sliwka et al., 2008). 

The phenotype of a potato plant is very plastic (environmentally variable) with regard to many traits of interest for potato breeders. The effect of production environment on traits such as yield, tuber number, tuber size, specific gravity, and processing quality presents a challenge that is difficult to overcome. It requires the testing of clones in multiple years and locations. For example, quantitative trait loci have been detected for tuber starch content, but few were stable across environments (Schafer-Pregl et al., 1998). Similarly, environment has a laige impact on... 

Schafer-Pregl, R., Ritter, E., Concilio, L., Hesselbach, J., Lovatti, L., Walkemeier, B., Thelen, Ft., Salamini, F., Gebhardt, C. (1998). Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and quantitative trait alleles (QTAs) for potato tuber yield and starch content. Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 97, 834-846. 

Sliwka, J., Wasilewicz-Flis, I., Jakuczun, H., Gebhardt, C. (2008). Tagging quantitative trait loci for dormancy, tuber shape, regularity of tuber shape, eye depth and flesh colour in diploid potato originated from six Solanum species. Plant Breeding, 127, 49-55. 

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