Mammalian cell assays gene mutations

There is conflicting evidence concerning the mutagenicity of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine to bacteria. In a single study, it induced recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In vitro, 1,2-dimcthylhydrazine formed DNA adducts in human bronchial cells, provoked unscheduled DNA synthesis in rat hepatocytes and induced gene mutation in mammalian cells. It gave positive results in rodents in microbial host-mediated assays. 

Assays for gene mutations Salmonella typhlmuiium reverse mutation Escherichia coll reverse mutation Gene mutation in mammalian cells in culture, including evaluation of mutations at... 

Bacterial assay for gene mutation Clastogemcity in mammalian cells Gene mutation in mammalian cells, etc. 

No genotoxic activity of European mistletoe was observed in a variety of assays, including a bacterial mutation assay, mammalian cell gene mutation assay, in vitro cytogenetic assay, cell transformation assay, and the Ames test (Mengs 1998 Mengs et al. 1997). 

Cole, J., Fox, M., Gamer, R.C., McGregor, D.B. and Thacker, J. (1990). Gene mutation assays in cultured mammalian cells. In UKEMS Subcommittee on Guidelines for Mutagenicity Testing. Report Part I rev. (Kirkland, D.J., Ed.). Cambridge University Press, pp. 87-114. 

In mammalian assays, glycidol has been tested in human lymphocytes and Chinese hamster cells in vitro for induction of chromosomal aberrations and sister chromatid exchanges. It was also tested in vivo in the mouse micronucleus assay. All test results were positive, as were those of gene mutation assays using Chinese hamster V79 cells and mouse lymphoma L5178Y cells. An in-vivo assay to detect chromosomal aberrations in mouse bone-marrow cells gave negative results. 

Nickel compounds are generally negative in bacterial gene mutation assays, but positive responses have often been found in in vitro mammalian cell assays. 

Nitrobenzene was nongenotoxic in Salmonella ty-phimurium and mammalian cells in vitro and in mammalian cells in vivo. Studies reported included DNA damage and repair assays, gene mutation assays, chromosomal effects assays, and cell transformation assays. 

Johnson GE (2012) Mammalian cell HPRT gene mutation assay test methods. Methods Mol Biol 817 55-67... 

Aaron CS et al., Mammalian cell gene mutation assays Working group report, Mut. 

ICH guidelines specifically require three genotoxicity assays for all devices (see Table 6.2). The assays should preferably evaluate DNA effects, gene mutations and chromosomal aberrations, and two of the assays should preferably use mammalian cells. Guidance for providing tests for selection to meet these needs are the OECD guidelines, which include 8 in vitro and 7 in vivo assays. 

Under Guideline S2B, the following standard test battery is recommended (1) a test for gene mutation in bacteria, (2) an in vitro test with cytogenetic evaluation of chromosomal damage with mammalian cells or an in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (TK) assay, and (3) an in vivo test for chromosomal damage using rodent hematopoietic cells. 

---