In vitro mouse

Segall and coworkers described the in vitro mouse hepatic microsomal metabolism of the alkaloid senecionine (159) (Scheme 34). Several pyrrolizidine alkaloid metabolites were isolated from mouse liver microsomal incubation mixtures and identified (222, 223). Preparative-scale incubations with mouse liver microsomes enabled the isolation of metabolites for mass spectral and H-NMR analysis. Senecic acid (161) was identified by GC-MS comparison with authentic 161. A new metabolite, 19-hydroxysenecionine (160), gave a molecular ion consistent with the addition of one oxygen atom to the senecionine structure. The position to which the new oxygen atom had been added was made evident by the H-NMR spectrum. The three-proton doublet for the methyl group at position 19 of senecionine was absent in the NMR spectrum of the metabolite and was replaced by two signals (one proton each) at 3.99 and 3.61 ppm for a new carbinol methylene functional group. All other H-NMR spectral data were consistent for the structure of 160 as the new metabolite (222). 

Under Guideline S2B, the following standard test battery is recommended (1) a test for gene mutation in bacteria, (2) an in vitro test with cytogenetic evaluation of chromosomal damage with mammalian cells or an in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (TK) assay, and (3) an in vivo test for chromosomal damage using rodent hematopoietic cells. 

Steinmetz KL, Spanggord RJ. 1987a. Examination of the potential of p-dichlorobenzene to induce unscheduled DNA synthesis or DNA replication in the in vivo - in vitro mouse hepatocyte DNA repair assay. 

An in vitro test with cytogenetic evaluation of chromosomal damage with mammalian cells OR an in vitro mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase assay... 

Mutagenesis Entacapone was mutagenic and clastogenic in the in vitro mouse lymphoma/thymidine kinase assay in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, and was clastogenic in cultured human lymphocytes in the presence of metabolic activation. 

Tablets - The in vitro mouse lymphoma assay demonstrated mutagenic activity. 

The genotoxic potential of brinzolamide was evaluated by the bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test) with S typhimurium and E coli, an in vitro mouse lymphoma forward mutation assay (MLFMA), an in vivo... 

In vitro, mouse as well as human monocytes/macrophages can be tolerized to lipid A [50-52], The in vitro induced tolerance lasts one or two days during which the CD14 receptor is not down-regulated [52-54], Uncoupling of the CD 14 receptor to downstream signaling pathways, or a specific blockade of the transduction, is unlikely to occur as explained... 

Fertility and early embryonic development rats Developmental rats, rabbits Prenatal and postnatal development rats Genetic toxicology Ames test, gene mutations in mammalian cells grown in vitro (mouse L5178Y cells), and chromosomal damage in intact animals (bone marrow cells in rats)... 

Huang, C.J. Xu, Z. Godber, J.S. 2009. Potential antioxidant activity of gamma-oryzanol in rice bran as determined using an in vitro-mouse lymph axilliary endothelial model. Cereal Chem. 86 679-684. 

A test for gene mutations in bacteria An in vitro cytogenetic test in mammalian cells or in vitro mouse lymphoma tk assay... 

Nakaoke R, Ryerse IS, Niwa M, Banks WA (2005) Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transport across the in vitro mouse brain endothelial cell monolayer. Exp Neurol 193 101-109. 

Yorgason JG, Kalinec GM, Luxford WM, Warren FM, Kalinec F (2010) Acetaminophen ototoxicity after acetaminophen/hydroco-done abuse evidence from two parallel in vitro mouse models. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 142(6) 814-819, 819.el-819.e2... 

In Vitro. Mouse connective tissue (L cells), human cervical carcinoma (HeLa), and human amnion (WISH) cancer cells were used to determine the toxic and nontoxic levels of several of the... 

Elsayed et al. (1992) performed subcutaneous injections of GEES that resulted in increased GST activity, increased lipid peroxides, and depleted, reduced GSH in lung tissue (Elsayed et al., 1992). Similar findings occurred in the in vitro mouse model, a neuroblastoma-rat glioma hybrid cell line, in that there was a reduction in GSH as a function of time after exposure (Moore and Ray, 1983). Within the last 5 years, there has been a greater emphasis on the inhalation effects of SM. 

Encapsulation of neuromuscular blockers by an exogenous host molecule such as CyD would promote dissociation of neuromuscular blockers from their site of action, and result in the reversal of neuromuscular blockage. Negatively charged CyD 37, which has a high affinity for rocuronium 38, a steroidal muscle relaxant, reversed the neuromuscular blocking effect of rocuronium bromide in vitro (mouse hemi-diaphragm) and in vivo (anaesthetized monkeys) [155, 156). 

PLLA Nonwoven, aligned scaffold TE SEM, in vitro mouse cerebellum stem cell culture (Yang et al. 2005)... 

Bacteriai reverse mutation assay In vitro mouse iymphoma tk assay Chromosomai aberration in mammaiian ceiis Carcinogenicity... 

For estimations of antiviral activities (78) in general and interferon induction (62) in particular, an in vitro mouse L-cell system was jsed. VSV - (Vesicular Stomatitis Virus - strain Indiana) - was taken as a challenge virus. Yields of infectious virus were titrated by plaque assay on chicken embryofibroblasts. 

Leclerc, C., 1. LOwy, and L. Chedid Influence of MDP and of some analogous synthetic glycopeptides on the in vitro mouse spleen cell viability and immune response to sheep erythrocytes. Cell. Immunol. 38, 286 (1978). 

Spasmolytic - in vitro (mouse, cone, used not stated, vas deferens) induced contractions by KCl and norepinephrine. 

Kohler, M. Kundig, A. Reist, H. W. Michel, C. Modification of in vitro mouse embryogenesis by X-rays and fluorochromes. Radiat. Environ. Biophys. 1994, 33, 341-351. 

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