Further Research Topics

In actual mine engineering, because there are many factors influencing the gas emission, the characteristics of coal seams and geological characteristics vary, so how to scientific and comprehensively extract the various factors influencing gas emission, is a further research topic. 

Some fluorine-ion conductors exhibit high ionic conductivities, even at room temperature [4], which are not equaled by other halide-ion conductors. However, there is a lack of known electrode materials. Further research on this topic is very worthwhile. 

Rheo-NMR [86] methods have been shown to be well-suited to emulsion rheology studies [28] and could be combined with any of the topics described above. The combination of structural and rheological measurements is a promising area for further research. 

There are several areas of study that will help you understand the research topic. As a first step you will want to read the clinical protocol. The protocol describes the device or medication to be used, the patient populations under study, the statistical plan of the clinical trial, and the details of the disease state. If you want to understand the disease state or indication further, you may want to seek out a clinical investigator of the clinical trial or do some further reading about the disease. Understanding the patient population is a good way to understand the data that you will see and whether there is reason for concern when viewing the data. For example, if you were studying a medication to reduce hypertension, you would not be as worried if patient blood pressure data were elevated at baseline. You would expect to see this because you understand that hypertensive patients have high blood pressure. 

Organophosphate Ester Hydraulic Fluids. Very little is known about the bioavailability of organophosphorus esters. In fish, organophosphate esters appear to be more bioavailable when sediments are not present (Huckins et al. 1991), but chronomids appear to be able to bioaccumulate organophosphate esters from the sediments (Muir et al. 1983b, 1985). Because of this wide variation and the lack of any information in mammalian species, it is difficult to estimate bioavailability to humans. Development of bioavailability information in mammalian species will allow a better understanding of this complex process. Given the concerns over the toxicity of this class of hydraulic fluids, further research on this topic would be useful. 

To assess the relevance of the Guiyu dumpsites, essential data were missing. Therefore it has been decided to introduce a model dumpsite for Guiyu. It is based on climate data from Hong et al. [35], data from Danon-Schaffer [31] and personal communication with Danon-Schaffer [30], The dumpsite topic has potential for further research as it may concern a long-term problem. The defaults for the model dump are presented in Table 16, the results can be found in Table 17. 

Recommendations for further research and development work covered all the topics mentioned above. 

This book is aimed at collecting all aspects of the information about iron oxides into one compact volume. It provides a coherent text with a maximum of homogeneity and minimum overlap between chapters. It is structured according to topics, i. e. surface chemistry, dissolution behaviour, adsorption etc. For each topic a general introduction is followed by a section which reviews current knowledge concerning the different iron oxides. The latter section includes much detailed information and recent data from the authors own laboratories. As this is intended to be a handbook, an extensive list of references to help the reader expand various details is provided. We have also indicated some of the numerous opportunities for further research in this field. 

The reality and the mode of existence of carbonium ions are most interesting topics for further research in the field of hydrocarbon chemistry. 

Bibliographies in various forms provide a convenient way to find books, periodical articles, and other materials. How far to go back in one s reading depends, of course, on one s research topic and goals. Obviously material about illicit drug sales on the Internet is not likely to be found earlier than the mid-1990s, while references to various forms of drug smuggling go back considerably further. 

Biological functions of endocannabinoids - a topic for further research... 

The former factor explains why an article on dynamic phenomena is included in this volume the latter explains why the article is as much a survey of topics for further research as it is a review of past work. Prospects of exciting new research developments in this field seem bright. 

In 1995, we decided to stop further research on this topic because it seemed a philosophical idea that engages primarily theoreticians with little or no impact on experimental chemistry. That this was a premature decision became obvious at the end of 1995, when we learned from Haas and Zilberg31 about the frequency exaltation of the bond alternating vibrational mode in the l B2U excited state of benzene. This created a link of the purely theoretical notion to an experimental probe. The synthesis of Siegel s distorted benzene32,33 demonstrated that a ground state cyclohexatriene has been finally achieved and that this may be a case where 7r-dis-tortivity is at work. This was followed by a demon-... 

Balbuena et al. also conducted simulations at various water concentrations for various water contents (Fig. 8). At low water contents (A = 5), small water clusters are almost not connected with each other (Fig. 8a). At a very high water concentration (A. = 45), water forms a continuous phase (Fig. 8c). When A. is about 24, close to the amount in fully hydrated Nation membranes at room temperature, the interface is defined by a semi-continuum water film (Fig. 8b) where some water clusters with diameters of about 1 nm are interconnected by multiple water bridges. The average water density in this phase is estimated to be about 0.682 g cnr3, a much lower value than that of the bulk water phase at 353 K. These observations provide very valuable information for further investigating the OER and really highlight the power of atomistic simulations on the research topics for which currently existing experimental tools are lack of the resolutions in spatial and temporal scales. 

The activation and transformation of C-H bonds in alkanes by homogeneous transition metal catalysts should to be a topic of further research. No processes are close to commercialization on a technical scale. So far the organometallic approach by Shilov is one of the most promising ways of producing a practical system [55]. 

Most metals are phytotoxic when present in soils to excess, even those that are essential plant micronutrients. There are various places in the world where, either naturally or through anthropogenic pollution, the soils contain elevated concentrations of metals that will kill most normal plants. These places are rarely devoid of plant life, however, even though the range of species present on the contaminated site will frequently be much less than in uncontaminated but otherwise similar sites in the immediate vicinity. When those species are investigated it is normally found that the populations inhabiting these sites have evolved tolerance to the metals present in the soils, and that populations of the same species from uncontaminated areas show normal levels of susceptibility to the metal toxicity. Since many of the sites where tolerant plants have been found have been contaminated in the very recent past (sometimes as little as 30 years before), this indicates very rapid evolution of an adaptation. This phenomenon has proved to be one of the clearest examples of microevolution , and has excited much interest and research on a number of fronts. There have been several reviews on this topic in recent years (Baker, 1987 Macnair, 1987 Shaw, 1990). In this chapter we will concentrate on these topics in which research is most active, and where we believe that further research effort is most needed. 

References to the primary literature are included to allow students to further research the topic. This also provides the instructor with easily accessible resources to expand on the material. The references are stored as HTML in an XML repository, accessible only through the enhanced interface. 

This review does not cover the application of Ln-polymerization catalysis to polar monomers. A comprehensive review on this topic is urgently required. Nevertheless, we hope that this volume will become the future key reference in Ln and especially in Nd-based catalyst systems as well as in Nd-catalyzed polymerization of dienes. As a starting point for future work unsolved and open questions are summarized in a separate chapter of the first part of this volume. We really hope that this list of open questions will inspire and stimulate further research in this interesting field of catalysis. 

Comparative Toxicokinetics. Qualitatively, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion appear to be similar in humans and laboratory animals. However, quantitative variations in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of benzene have been observed with respect to exposure routes, sex, nutritional status, and species. Further studies that focus on these differences and their implications for human health would be useful. Additionally, in vitro studies using human tissue and further research into PBPK modeling in animals would contribute significantly to the understanding of the kinetics of benzene and would aid in the development of pharmacokinetic models of exposure in humans. These topics are being addressed in ongoing studies (see Section 2.10.3). 

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