Tolerant plant

When an airborne toxic chemical is introduced into a plant conmiunity, some plants will be more affected than others depending on individual tolerances endowed by their genotype, as well as on their phenology, and various modifying microclimatic variables. The sensitive plants or species that are no longer able to compete adequately with the tolerant plants or species will be partially or completely replaced. Some scientists propose that the widespread... 

Gaff, D.F., Zee, S.T. O Brien, T.P. (1976). The fine structure of dehydrated and reviving leaves of Borya nitida Labill. - a desiccation tolerant plant. Australian Journal of Botany, 24, 225-36. 

Toenniessen, G.A. (1984). Review of the world food situation and the role of salt-tolerant plants. In Salinity Tolerance in Plants Strategies for Crop Improvement, ed. R.C. Staples and G.A. Toenniessen, pp. 399-413. New York John Wiley. 

C. Chrislensen-Weniger, A. F. Groneman, and J. A. Van Veen, Associative fixation and root exudation of organic acids from wheat cultivars of different aluminium tolerance. Plant and Soil I39A67 (1992). 

Qin, X. Q. and J. A. D. Zeevaart (2002). Overexpression of a 9-cA-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase gene in Nicotiana plumbaginifolia increases abscisic acid and phaseic acid levels and enhances drought tolerance. Plant Physiol. 128(2) 544-551. 

Baker A.J.M., Walker P.L. Ecophysiology of metal uptake by tolerant plants. In Heavy Metal Tolerance in Plants Evolutionary Aspects, A.J. Shaw, ed. Boca Raton, FL CRC Press. 1989. 

With aridity increasing, various plant species of forage crops become gradually less numerous to finally disappear. In Dry Steppe ecosystems xerophylic half-shrubs and salt-tolerant plants replace the grasses. However, the ash content is higher in these species. This is attributed not only to a higher concentration of major ash elements in the plant tissue, but also to the exposure to finely dispersed dust adhered to the plants exterior (Table 9). 

Zhu, Y. L., Pilon-Smits, E. A. H., Jouanin, L., and Terry, N., 1999a, Overexpression of glutathione synthetase in Indian mustard enhances cadmium accumulation and tolerance, Plant Physiol. 119 73-79. 

Aronson, J.A. HALOPH A Data Base of Salt Tolerant Plants of the World. Office of Arid Land Studies, University of Arizona, Tucson (1989)... 

Le Houerou, H.N. Salt-tolerant plants for the arid regions of the Mediterranean isoclimatic zone. In Lieth, H., Masoom, A. (eds.) Towards the Rational Use of High Salinity Tolerant Plants, vol. 1. pp. 403 22. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1993)... 

Plant Ametryn is metabolized by tolerant plants into nontoxic hydroxy and dealkylated derivatives (Humburg et al., 1989). 

Plant. In tolerant plants, atrazine is readily transformed to hydroxyatrazine which may degrade via dealkylation of the side chains and subsequent hydrolysis of the amino groups with some evolution of carbon dioxide (Castelfranco et al, 1961 Roth and Knuesli, 1961 Humburg et al, 1989). In corn juice, atrazine was converted to hydroxyatrazine (Montgomery and Freed, 1964). In both roots and shoots of young bean plants, atrazine underwent monodealkylation forming 2-chloro-4-amino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine. This metabolite is less phytotoxic than atrazine (Shimabukuro, 1967). 

Develop temperature-tolerant plants that can survive in warmer or cooler climates. Frost damage causes more than 14 billion per year worldwide in crop losses. 

Piatkowski, D., Schneider, K., Salamini, F. Bartels, D. (1990). Characterization of five abscisic acid-responsive cDNA clones isolated from the desiccation-tolerant plant Craterostigma plantagineum and their relationship to other water-stress genes. Plant Physiology 94, 1682-8. 

In a study designed to determine the mode of action of atrazine in higher plants, Shimabukuro and Swanson (1969) concluded that atrazine inhibits the Hill reaction and its noncyclic phosphorylation, while being ineffective against cyclic photophosphorylation. Atrazine readily penetrated the chloroplast of resistant as well as susceptible plants. In tolerant plants such as sorghum, the metabolism of atrazine was postulated to occur outside the chloroplasts to form water-soluble and insoluble residues that reduced the concentration of photosynthetic inhibitors in the chloroplasts. 

Fedtke, C. (1983). Leaf peroxisomes deaminate as-triazinone herbicides Method of detoxification by tolerant plants. Naturwissenschaften, 70 199-200. 

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