Fruit seed meal

Lu, W.-Y., Lin, G.-Q., Yu, H.-L. et al. (2007) Facile synthesis of alkyl p-D-glucopyranosides from D-glucose and the corresponding alcohols using fruit seed meals. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic, 44, 72-77. 

Facile Synthesis of Alkyl y0-D-Glucopyranosides from o-Glucose and the Corresponding Alcohols Using Fruit Seed Meals... 

Table 7.4 The P-glucosidase activity and protein content of several fruit seed meals ...

Table 7.5 Synthesis of alkyl /3-glucosides using fruit seed meal...

Isolation yield. Conditions were not fully optimized. All glucosides obtained are in/ form and are anomerically pure. The reactions were conducted at 50 °C, each with 60 mg fruit seed meal per millilitre of reaction mixture. 

Procedure 2 General Procedure for Fruit Seed Meal-catalyzed Glucosylation... 

Glucose was dissolved in the corresponding alcohols (see Tables 7.2-7.5) containing 10 % v/v of water and the fruit seed meal was then added. The mixture was stirred for 48-72 h at 50 °C and then filtered and concentrated under vacuum. 

The tamarind fruit that is grown in upper Egypt is brewed into a popular soft drink. The oil yield and fatty acid composition were very different from the Indian tamarind. The seeds contain 16.25% oil with a composition that is high in linoleic, oleic and lauric acids (Table 5.11). Lesser amounts of stearic and linolenic were present. The tamarind seed meal was also low in protein (2.66%) compared to other oil seeds (cottonseed, peanut) but does contain a substantial amount of sugar (25.28%) which would give the meal a high caloric value if used as an animal feed (Morad et al., 1978). 

The seed represents about 10% of the fruit weight. Four cultivars in Israel were analyzed for their organic and inorganic constituents. The following ranges in values were obtained on the four cultivars on a dry weight basis oil (7.9-8.4%), protein (5.3-5.8%), ash (0.5-1.7%) and crude fiber (15.1-17.3%). The low protein content and the high fiber content will seriously limit the use of the defatted date seed meal for feeds if not supplemented (Devshony et al., 1992). 

In addition to seed meal, the husks of the fruit that bears castor seed is a significant coproduct of castor oil production. Castor meal is sold and used as fertilizer, as it is rich in nitrogen, 7.54% N, which is 10 times that of steer manure (Lima et al., 2011). The authors found that castor meal in excess of 4% prevented germination and caused plant growth inhibition or death, but a mixture of 4.5% meal and 5.5% husk promoted plant growth. While the meal is rich in N and P, the husk is rich in K, providing a balanced soil amendment that also adds organic material to the soil. 

The primary cell walls of most higher plant species contain XGs of the XXXG type, which bear trisaccharide side chains (8) on the backbone [247]. The seeds of many plants contain XXXG-type XGs, in which about 30% of the xylose units possess a /3-D-Galp residue attached to position 2. Several plant species produce XGs that lack fucose and galactose, and have a-L-Ara/ attached to 0-2 of some of the Xylp side-chains, such as XG isolated from olive fruit [262] and soybean (Glycine maxima) meal [263]. However, a-L-Ara/ residues occur also 2-linked directly to some of the Glcp residues of the backbone [154]. 

The Mediterranean diet is characterized by abundant use of plant foods (fruits, vegetables, whole grain breads, other forms of cereals, beans, nuts, and seeds), fresh fruit as the typical main-meal side dish and daily dessert, olive oil as the principal source of fat on salads and breads, low amounts of dairy products (principally cheese and yogurt), and fish or poultry as meats used in low to moderate frequency. Water is the usual beverage, but also red wine—for which there is ample research indicating cardiovascular health benefits—is consumed in low to moderate amounts, normally with the evening meal. 

The apricot flesh is very sweet, with the seed kernels regarded the best part of the fruit, tasting sweet and oily, very much like almonds. (It may be noted that the apricot is of the genus Prunus of the plant family Rosaceae, as are peaches and almonds.) Apricot oil is squeezed out under pressure from the ground flour or meal and looks much like ohve oil. A spoonful may be taken as needed, and the oil is also used for deep-frying. Other uses include external apphcations, and it is also mentioned that the oil will even shine silverware. (The preceding information indicates that the apricot kernels are utilized raw, without roasting.)... 

Fats and oils have been recovered for thousands of years from oil-bearing seeds and fruits, and fatty animal tissues. Soybeans in Asia and sesame seed and olives in the Middle East were the earliest sources of vegetable oils for food, cosmetics, lubricants, and chemicals. Soybeans is a very important crop to the economies of the United States and Brazil as a source of edible oil and high-protein meal for supplementing animal diets. No other crop rivals soybeans for high-quality feed protein, and only palms rival soybeans as a world source of edible oil. 

WC Willet et al. at Harvard University s School of Public Health defined the MeD as the "... abundance of plant foods such as fruit, vegetables, breads, cereals, potatoes, beans, nuts and seeds minimally processed, seasonally fresh and locally grown foods fresh fruits as daily dessert, with sweets containing concentrated sugars or honey consumed a few times per week olive oil as principal source of fat dairy products (principally cheese and yogurt) consumed daily in low to moderate amounts fish and poultry consumed in low to moderate amounts zero to four eggs consumed weekly red meat consumed in low amounts and wine consumed in low to moderate amounts, normally with meals..."... 

The palm fruit has no associated oilmeals and unlike other oilseeds it cannot be transported far for economical and quality reasons. It has to be processed ffesh locally, inunediately after harvest and then transported all over the world. However, other oil crops are capable of being converted into varying proportions of vegetable oil and meal and because of the relatively high protein content and relatively low cost of the flour, extensive efforts are being made to utilize these by-products of seed crushing as a dietary protein source for human consumption. 

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