Diets Mediterranean

Dr. Spiller is the editor of many clinical nutrition books. Among his multiauthor books are The Methylxanthine Beverages and Foods Chemistry, Consumption, and Health Effects (Alan R. Liss, 1984), The Mediterranean Diets in Health and Disease (Van Nostrand Rheinhold, 1991), CRC Handbook of Fiber in Human Nutrition 2nd Edition (CRC Press, 1993) and CRC Handbook of Lipids in Human Nutrition (CRC Press, 1996). 

Saura-Calixto F and Goni I. 2006. Antioxidant capacity of the Spanish Mediterranean diet. Food Chem 94 442 147. 

De Lorgeril, M., Salen, P., Paiilard, F., etal. (2002). Mediterranean diet and the French paradox two distinct biogeographic concepts for one consolidated scientific theory on the role of nutrition in coronary heart disease. Cardiovascular Research 3,503-515. 

The importance of the Mediterranean diet led to increased research activity on olive oils, which mainly focused, among other issnes, on phenolic substances becanse of their biological activities and of the fact that virgin olive oils are the only vegetable oils that contain them, while tocopherols are widely distributed in such foods. Phenolic substances are responsible for the typical taste of olive oils, characterized by fruity, bitter, and pungent flavors. 

Gazzani, G. Anti- and pro-oxidant activity of some vegetables in the Mediterranean diet. Riv Sci Aliment 1994 23(3) 413-420. 

Carluccio, M.A., Siculella, L., Ancora, M.A., Massaro, M., Scoditti, E., Storelli, C., Visioli, F., Distante, A., and De Caterina, R., Olive oil and red wine antioxidant polyphenols inhibit endothelial activation antiatherogenic properties of mediterranean diet phytochemicals, Arterioscler. Thromb. Vase. Biol, 23, 622, 2003. 

Apatite values and the spacing between collagen and apatite are therefore very useful in addressing what becomes the main nutritional question in prehistoric Mediterranean diet and economy the relative proportion of animal and vegetal foods. This corresponds to the importance of agriculture versus animal husbandry, with all the implications this holds in terms of ethnographically documented correlations involving society and culture. The... 

Auger C, A1 Awwadi N, Bornet A, Rouanet JM, Gasc F, Cros G, Teissedre P L. 2004. Catechins and procyanidins in Mediterranean diets. Food Res Int 37 233-245. 

Garcia Mediero JM, Ferruelo Alonso A, Paez Borda A, Lujan Galan M, Angulo Cuesta J, Chiva Robles V, Berenguer Sanchez A. 2005. Effect of polyphenols from the Mediterranean diet on proliferation and mediators of in vitro invasiveness of the MB-49 murine bladder cancer cell line. Actas Urol Esp 29 743-749. 

Nonetheless, the inverse relationship between unsaturated fat and CVD is supported by the results from prospective cohort studies such as the Ireland-Boston Diet Heart Study (Kushi et al., 1985) and the Nurses Health Study (Hu et al., 1997) and long-term intervention studies such as the Los Angeles Veteran Study and the Finnish Mental Hospital Study (Dayton et al., 1965 Turpeinen et al., 1979). In the Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study (Singh et al., 2002) and the Lyon Diet Heart Study (de Lorgeril et al., 1999), a diet high in unsaturated fat and complex carbohydrates were proven to be potent to reduce coronary events. It has been difficult to prove a clear relationship between saturated fat and future cardiovascular events in prospective cohort studies, and this is highlighted by the recent meta-analysis described below. 

Singh, R. B., Dubnov, G., Niaz, M. A., Ghosh, S., Singh, R., Rastogi, S. S., Manor, O., Pella, D., and Berry, E. M. (2002). Effect of an Indo-Mediterranean diet on progression of coronary artery disease in high risk patients (Indo-Mediterranean Diet Heart Study) A randomised single-blind trial. Lancet 360, 1455-1461. 

The amount consumed could be considerably higher in the Mediterranean diet, which is rich in olive oil, citrus fruits, and greens. These quantities could provide pharmacologically significant concentrations in body fluids and tissues. Nevertheless, flavonoid dietary intake far exceeds that of vitamin E, a monophenolic antioxidant, and that of P-carotene on a milligram per day basis. From this we can conclude that... 

The observation of a lower incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and certain types of cancers in the Mediterranean area led to the hypothesis that a diet rich in grain, legumes, fresh fruits and vegetables, wine in moderate amounts, and olive oil was beneficial to human health. To date, this effect has been mainly attributed to the low saturated fat intake of the Mediterranean diet and its high proportion of monounsaturates, which indeed may favorably affect the plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Nevertheless, other components of the diet, such as fiber, vitamins, flavonoids, and phenols, may play an important role in disease prevention, acting on different cardiovascular variables. 

Lycopene was introduced into the Western world after the Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortes was offered some tomatoes by the Aztec emperor Montezuma. Cortes disregarded this courteous gesture and went on to conquer Mexico from 1529 to 1531. In the states bordering Mexico — Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California — tomatoes and other Mexican-Indian foods soon began to be adopted but also made their way to Europe. In Italy, tomatoes were mentioned as early as in 1554 and were then slowly assimilated. Their initial color was yellow (porno d oro) they obtained their red appearance only after years of cultivation. Today, tomatoes, the major source of lycopene, are an important part of the Mediterranean diet. 

Galli, C. and Visioli, F., Antioxidant and other activities of phenolics in olives/olive oil, typical components of the Mediterranean diet, Lipids, 34, S23-S26, 1999. 

In the Lyon Diet Heart Study, survivors of myocardial infarctions on a Mediterranean style diet rich in ALA were less likey to experience a second episode (de Lorgeril et al., 1994). These researchers reported that nonfatal myocardial infarctions and total death in subjects on the experimental and control diets were reduced by 75% and 70%, respectively. Fewer nonfatal myocardial infarctions also were reported in subjects consuming an Indo-Mediterranean diet rich in ALA (Singh et al., 2002). The Nurse s Health Study (Albert et al., 2004) also showed that diets rich in ALA reduce the risk of dying from coronary heart disease. The study was a 16-year followup involving approximately 76,000 women. Women on the highest ALA (1.5 g/day) diet had a 21% and 46%, respectively, lower risk of dying from coronary heart disease or sudden cardiac death compared to women on a 0.7 g ALA/day diet. 

Systematic consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol does not seem to induce any discernible increase in blood plasma TAC. TAC of blood plasma of volunteers who drank 40 g alcohol/day for 3 weeks was not changed irrespective of whether the alcohol was drunk in the form of red wine, beer, or Dutch gin (V4). Another study in which volunteers drank 200 ml of red or white wine for 10 days gave similar results (SI5). This effect may be dependent on the composition of the diet, however. In another experiment, volunteers in two groups of 21 male volunteers each followed either a Mediterranean diet or a high-fat diet for 3 months during the second month, red wine was added isocalorically, 240 ml/day. TAC of... 

Similarly, the pulp and the seed of olives (Olea europaea) were extensively analyzed (48). Olives are constituted of a complex matrix for proteo-mics studies due to their lipidic nature and the large amount of interfering compounds from where the extraction of proteins is difficult (49).This fruit is used for the extraction of oils and as food ingredient in the Mediterranean diet. The olive pulp protein extraction was performed by freezing 5 g of olive... 

Widespread notably Vitis vimfera (Vitaceae) [red wine], fruit Mediterranean diet - notably olive oil vegetables — vegetables rich in flavonoid antioxidants... 

I personally use and enjoy a wide variety of oils. Olive oil is great for sauteing certain foods and is a staple in the Mediterranean diet that s best for blood pressure control. Canola oil is similarly rich in the monounsaturated fatty acids that lower cholesterol when they re used to replace saturated fats. Canola oil is best when you re cooking at higher temperatures or when you don t want the... 

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