Seeds crushed

Leaves, flowers, herbs - coarsely to moderately finely chopped (particle size ca. 4 mm) Woods, barks, and roots finely chopped to coarsely powdered (particle size ca, 2.5 mm) Fruits and seeds crushed or coarsely powdered immediately before use (particle size ca. 2 mm) ... 

Alternatively, unroasted sesame seeds are pressed once followed by solvent extraction to recover the oil from residue. The oxidative stability of sesame oil was found to be dependent on the extraction method and seed pretreatment (64). Extraction of the sesame seeds after effective seed crushing with polar solvent, heptane-isopropanol (3 1, v/v), would yield a more stable oil from whole sesame seeds because more antioxidative substances and phospholipids could be extracted. Phospholipids may act as synergists to antioxidants (81). 

Hamm, W. (2001) Regional differences in edible oil processing procedures. 1. Seed crushing and extraction, oil movements, and degumming. 2. Refining, oil modification, and formulation. Lipid Tech., 13, 81-84 and 105-109. 

Modes of Application.—The seed, crushed to powder, made into a bolus, mixed with the animal s food, or dilated with linseed oil. 

The palm fruit has no associated oilmeals and unlike other oilseeds it cannot be transported far for economical and quality reasons. It has to be processed ffesh locally, inunediately after harvest and then transported all over the world. However, other oil crops are capable of being converted into varying proportions of vegetable oil and meal and because of the relatively high protein content and relatively low cost of the flour, extensive efforts are being made to utilize these by-products of seed crushing as a dietary protein source for human consumption. 

The above-mentioned plants, as Brassicacea, contain mustard oil glucosides (glucosinolates, cf. 17.1.2.6.5) which, immediately after seed crushing, are hydrolyzed to esters of isothio-cyanic acid. The hydrolysis is dependent on seed moisture and is catalyzed by a thioglucosidase enzyme called myrosinase (EC 3.2.3.1). In the presence of the enzyme, some of the isocyanates are isomerized into thiocyanates (esters of normal thiocyanic acid or rhodanides) and, in part, are decomposed into nitrile compounds which do not contain sulfur. All these compounds are volatile and, when dissolved in oil, are hazardous to health and detrimental to oil flavor. Moreover, they interfere with hydrogenation of the oil by acting as Ni-catalyst poisons (cf. 14.4.2.2). Therefore, in the production of rapeseed oil, a dry conditioning step is used (without live steam) to... 

Tota seed crushed, exported, and imported, Tota oil production, WOOtonnes. WOOtonnes. ... 

Dubois, J.L., Picdrilli, A., Magne, J., He, X., 2013. Detoxification of castor meal through reactive seed crushing. Ind. Crt Prod. 43,194—199. 

Table 38. Comparison of Components of Authentic Coriander Seed Oil and Headspace Volatiles over Freshly Crushed Ripe Coriander Seeds ...

Herbal drugs are available in coarsely to finely chopped forms, as cut or concis" drugs leaves often appear on the market cut into four-sided fragments woods, roots, and barks as chips most fruits and seeds usually unbroken, in the whole or toto " condition, and they are sometimes crushed before being used. The extent of comminution plays an important part in the preparation of herbal infusions (see below Making the Tea). 

In fruit penetration studies 8 pounds of fruit were first thoroughly scrubbed with warm 10% trisodium phosphate solution and then rinsed thoroughly with distilled water. Citrus fruits, if depth of penetration into the peel was of interest, were peeled in longitudinal sections with a buttonhook peeler and the albedo or white portion was separated from the flavedo or colored portion. The separated peel was placed in pie tins lined with waxed paper and dried in a forced draft oven at 65° C. for 16 hours. The dried peel was then crushed and steeped for 48 hours in a measured volume of benzene sufficient to cover the sample. If, on the other hand, only the total amount of DDT in the peel was of interest, the fruit was halved and juiced on a power juicer. The pulp was removed, the peel sliced, and the sample dried and treated as before. Thin-skinned fruits, such as apples, pears, and avocados, were peeled with a vegetable peeler, cores or seeds were removed, and the pulp was sliced in thin slices. Pulp and peel were then dried and treated in the same way as the citrus peel. The steeping completed, the samples were filtered through Sharkskin filter paper and the volume of benzene recovered was noted. 

The methods developed using organic solvents are typically designed to maximize the use of crop plants. For example, in the case of the synthesis of PHA in seeds of oil crops, such as rapeseed or soybean, the extraction methods have the advantage that the oil can be recovered from the seeds as well as PHA, and that the residual meal can be used in animal feed (Fig. 5) [74-78]. In this process, the seeds containing oil and PHA are crushed and the oil is obtained with a... 

The promise of the Seed of the woman, which should ultimately crush the head of the evil principle, was revived in the blessing imparted to Abraham, and in the prophecies of the Messiah, communicated through every stage of the rise and progress of religion. 

Crushing rolls are extensively used for crushing oil seeds and in the gunpowder industry and they are also suitable for abrasive materials. They are simple in construction and do not give a large percentage of fines. 

In some cases the soluble material is distributed in small isolated pockets in a material which is impermeable to the solvent such as gold dispersed in rock, for example. In such cases the material is crushed so that all the soluble material is exposed to the solvent. If the solid has a cellular structure, the extraction rate will generally be comparatively low because the cell walls provide an additional resistance. In the extraction of sugar from beet, the cell walls perform the important function of impeding the extraction of undesirable constituents of relatively high molecular weight, and the beet should therefore be prepared in long strips so that a relatively small proportion of the cells is ruptured. In the extraction of oil from seeds, the solute is itself liquid. 

The history of Delphinium is more peaceful, although, due to its poisinous property it was used against mammals. Crushed seeds of Delphinium staphisagria L. was used against body lice [5]. British army used the plant for this aim in Waterloo war as well as in the Great War. Medicinal use of Aconitum and Delphinium spans... 

Ripened Ume fruit (P. mume) was taken and the fleshy cover was removed to obtain the seeds. The upper layer of the seeds was cracked with a hammer to give the soft kernels inside. Those kernels were collected and crushed in the process homogenizer at 4 °C, with 10 mM potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.0, to give a milky suspension. The suspension was filtered through four layers of cheesecloth to remove the insoluble part. The HNL activity shown by P. mume extract was 6.9 U mg in the milky suspension. ... 

For multiple samples (c. 5 g) of seeds such as oilseed rape, another approach is to crush them and enclose them in small packets of pre-dried Whatman No. 4 filter circles, which are then stapled, labelled with a pencil and weighed. From 10 to 16 of these packets may be extracted in one large... 

Oilseeds with hard shells must first be crushed to allow the solvent to reach the seed contents. The hard round rapeseed is easily fractured using a... 

Nepal. Decoction of the leaf is taken orally by adults as an anthelmintic" """. The powdered leaf is mixed with cattle feed as a treatment for diarrhea " " . For headache, the dried leaves are ground with Datura stramonium leaves and Picrorhiza schrophu lariflora stem and water then applied externally" " ". The leaf juice is used externally as an antiseptic, as a hemostat on cuts and wounds, and to treat swelling of sprained joints" "". The seeds are crushed, mixed with curd, and taken orally for dysentery" """. Decoction of the seed is taken orally as an anthelmintic" ". To aid in parturition, 2 teaspoonfuls of powdered seeds... 

Safflower In safflower plants expressing biopharmaceuticals, the protein of interest is fused to oleosin, the protein that forms oil bodies within the safflower seeds. The seeds can be crushed and the oil bodies then easily purified by centrifugation. This oleosin-fusion protein system was first developed by SemBioSys Genetics, Inc., in safflower or oilseed rape. 

Ambrette seed oil is obtained by steam distillation of the dried, crushed seeds of Ambelmoschus moschatus Medik. Hibiscus abelmoschus L., Malvaceae), a flowering shrub growing in tropical areas. Due to its content of long-chain fatty acids, the crude product is a waxy mass and, therefore, also called Ambrette beurre. Removal of the fatty acids with alkali gives a clear yellow to amber liquid with the strong, musky odor of ambrettolide. 

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