Other Crops

Soybeans are the number one oilseed crop world-wide. In 2005, a total of 210 mio metric tonnes of soybean were produced. Relatively few countries produce soybeans the USA accounts for more than 40% of the world production, with Brazil, Argentina and China together accounting for an additional 55%. In Europe, Italy, Russia and the Ukraine are the main producer countries. In the USA, Brazil and Argentina, the most widely planted soybeans are genetically modified varieties (GMO), which are tolerant against the herbicide glyphosate. 

Sugarcane and cotton also represent important crops that benefit from newer sulfonylurea herbicides. Table 2.2.23 shows the most recent compounds introduced after 1995. 

Trifloxysulfuron-sodium (CGA 362622) (Table 2.2.25) [54] is a post-emergence herbicide commercialized by Syngenta in 2001 for use in all major cotton and 

Code numbers Melting point Vapor pressure 

Dissociation constant (temperature not published) Solubility in water (g at 25 °C) 

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LPC Product Quality. Table 10 gives approximate analyses of several LPC products. Amino acid analyses of LPC products have been pubhshed including those from alfalfa, wheat leaf, barley, and lupin (101) soybean, sugar beet, and tobacco (102) Pro-Xan LPC products (100,103) and for a variety of other crop plants (104,105). The composition of LPCs varies widely depending on the raw materials and processes used. Amino acid profiles are generally satisfactory except for low sulfur amino acid contents, ie, cystine and methionine. 

Potrytis spp. grey mold of grape and other crops... 

Economic Aspects and Uses. Ammonium chloride is used as a nitrogen source for fertilization of rice, wheat, and other crops ia Japan, China, India, and Southeast Asia. Japan is a large producer, much of which is as by-product. 

Although winter wheat is grown on more land than any other crop in England and Wales, it is not usually grown continuously, because of problems from pests and diseases. Break crops are grown to interrupt the build-up of these problems, so we need to look at the behaviour of nitrogen under these and other crops, but much less information is available than for winter wheat. 

Data of a different kind, the nitrate losses through the held drains of the Brimstone experiment,also suggest that winter oilseed rape uses nitrogen fertilizer somewhat less efficiently than does winter wheat, but this experiment did not include the other crops discussed above. 

After Flarvest. How do the memory effects shown by the other crops compare with those of winter wheat Winter wheat did not show a memory effect after one year, but oilseed rape does seem to do so. Researchers of the Agricultural Development and Advisory Service found that nitrate production by microbes in the soil after a rape crop increased with the amount of fertilizer given to the crop (R. Sylvester-Bradley, personal communication). One reason may lie in this crop s habit of shedding its leaves as harvest approaches, which means that the microbes in the soil get early access to these residues. This habit might contribute to the apparently smaller efficiency of this crop in using nitrogen fertilizer. The crop may be just as efficient as winter wheat at taking up the fertilizer but drops... 

Injury to plants and vegetation is caused by a variety of factors, of which air pollution is only one. Drought, too much water, heat and cold, hail, insects, animals, disease, and poor soil conditions are some of the other causes of plant injury and possible plant damage (3). Estimates suggest that less than 5% of total crop losses are related to air pollution. Air pollution has a much greater impact on some geographic areas and crops than others. Crop failure can be caused by fumigation from a local air pollution source or by more widespread and more frequent exposure to adverse levels of pollution. 

Current production of NR is about 5.2 X 10 tonnes. For some years it has enjoyed a premium price over SBR because of its desirable characteristics described above and, compared with other large tonnage polymers, a somewhat restricted supply. Clearly it is difficult to substantially increase the production of such a material in a short period of time and indeed the attractions of other crops such as palm oil as well as the desire to move away from a monoculture economy mitigate against this. The indications are that, unless there is undue intervention of political factors, the future of natural rubber as a major elastomer remains secure. 

Promotes the environmentally sound use of crop protection products for the economical production of safe, high quality, abundant food, fiber and other crops. 

As a result of its use as an insecticide on cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, and other crops, methyl parathion is released directly to the atmosphere during application. It is applied primarily by spraying from aircraft or ground equipment (NPIRS 1986). Aerial application of methyl parathion to agricultural fields releases the insecticide to the air. 

The JPPA has its own research institute in Ibaraki prefecture and two experimental stations in Kochi and Miyazaki for conducting many types of research services to evaluate the performance of agrochemicals. The research institute and experimental stations have test fields, greenhouses and research laboratories with the capability for chemical analyses. The research institute also provides several services such as identification of virus diseases or other crop pests on plants. 

This enforcement method has been validated on the raw agricultural commodity (RAC) and processed parts of various crops. For hay and straw matrices, the method limit of quantitation (LOQ) was validated at 0.05mgkg and the method limit of detection (LOD) was set at 0.01 mgkg For all other crop matrices, the LOQ was validated at 0.025 mg kg and the LOD was set at 0.005 mg kg . The method flow chart is presented in Figure 1. 

Other crops 5.0 ACN-H2O (4 1) Homogenization Shaking Centrifugation Treatment with sodium hypochlorite 0.003 0.01... 

Green N, Wilkins BT. 1995. Transfer of radionuclides to vegetable and other crops grown on land reclaimed from the sea. Sci Total Environ 173/174 385-392. 

This factor is handled by applying the chemical not later than 30 days before harvest on crops that might hold some residual taste. On other crops it has been possible to use the chemical to within 2 weeks of harvest without retaining undesirable taste. This point is largely one of varieties, so that it becomes necessary to specify on labels which crops must be treated before fruits or heads form, which can be treated up to 2 or 3 weeks prior to harvest, and which have no particular time limit. The following fruits and vegetables are among those satisfactorily treated. 

One more consequence of pesticide use is that old target species expand to new territories. Because of the intensive use of herbicides, barnyard millet has not only survived, but has spread to fields of corn and other crops for thousands of hectares, entering agricultural environments where it had never grown before [11]. 

Bioethanol from other crops (corn, sugar beet, wheat) 100-195... 

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