Castor meal

A castor meal treating program for simultaneous detoxification and deaHergenation led to the development of a process to detoxify the meal by heat and moisture and to deaHergenate by chemical and water treatment utilizing expander/extmder processing techniques (14). This detoxified and deaHergenated castor meal is safe to use as feed for animals (see Feeds and feed additives). 

SYNS AFRICAN COFFEE TREE CASTOR BEANS (DOT) CASTOR FLAKE (DOT) CASTOR MEAL (DOT) CASTOR OIL PLANT CASTOR POMACE (DOT) HIGUERETA (CUBA, PUERTO RICO) HIGUERILLA (MEXICO) KOU (HAWAII) LAAU-AILA (HAWAII) MAN S MOTHERWORT MEXICO WEED PA AILA (HAWAII) PALMA CHRISTI (HAITI) RICIN (HAITI) RICINO (PUERTO RICO) RICINUS CO LMUNIS STEADFAST WONDER TREE... 

The sohds remaining after fat removal are generally rich in protein and find a ready market in animal feeds. Some oilseed solids, especially soybean, go into human foods as flours, concentrates, textured particles, or protein isolates. Some oilseed sohds contain toxins or allergens that make them unfit for animal feeds tung nut and castor bean, for example. Unless treated, these solid residues go into fertilizers. Various processes have been developed to remove or chemically destroy undesirable compounds (10). One process developed at Texas A M University for UNIDO (11, 12) uses a chemical additive and extrusion to detoxify and deallergenate castor meal making it suitable for animal feed. 

International Castor Oil Association. The Processing of Castor Meal for Detoxification and Deallergenation, Technical Bulletin 1-1989. Ridgewood, New Jersey, 1989, pp. 58-62. 

Although the industry is no longer active in this country, castor oil is still produced in large quantities throughout the world. The toxin, which remains in the castor meal after the oil has been extracted with hexane or carbon tetrachloride, is easily extracted through a simple salting-out procedure.3... 

Castor beans, 9 Castor flake, 9 Castor meal, 9 Castor pomace, 9... 

The cake remaining after mashing, crushing, or solvent extraction of the oil is known variously as castor pomace, castor flake, castor meal, or poonac. It contains ricin, a highly toxic protein ricinine, a toxic alkaloid and CB-IA, an extremely potent allergen. The cake with its high potassium, fibre, and protein concentration is used as a fertilizer and as animal feed after detoxification. 

Castor Beans Castor Meal Castor Pomace Castor Flake Whole beans or meal. The latter is the residue remaining after the oil has been extracted from the seeds. IMO 9026... 

Castor Beans or Castor Meal or Castor Pomace, or Castor Flake. The residue from extraction of oil from the castor seed. lATA App. A... 

Castor beans, 9 Castor flake, 9 Castor meal, 9 Castor pomace, 9 2969 ----------------------... 

As mentioned in the sections on ricin and allergen in seed meal, there are serious issues with using castor meal in animal feed. It is generally considered suitable for feed use if the allergen and toxin have been inactivated, usually by heat and hydrolytic treatment. Over the years, a number of treatments have been used to inactivate the ricin and allergen (Gardner et al., 1960 Mottola et al., 1968 Fuller et al., 1971 Horton and Williams, 1989 Fernandes et al.,... 

In addition to seed meal, the husks of the fruit that bears castor seed is a significant coproduct of castor oil production. Castor meal is sold and used as fertilizer, as it is rich in nitrogen, 7.54% N, which is 10 times that of steer manure (Lima et al., 2011). The authors found that castor meal in excess of 4% prevented germination and caused plant growth inhibition or death, but a mixture of 4.5% meal and 5.5% husk promoted plant growth. While the meal is rich in N and P, the husk is rich in K, providing a balanced soil amendment that also adds organic material to the soil. 

Dubois, J.L., Picdrilli, A., Magne, J., He, X., 2013. Detoxification of castor meal through reactive seed crushing. Ind. Crt Prod. 43,194—199. 

Mottola, A.C., Hendrickson, A.P., O Connell, D.E., Palter, R., Kohler, G.O., 1968. Pilot plant deactivation of castor meal allergen. Lime process. J. Agric. Food Chem. 16, 725-729. 

---