Polymer laminates

Powell, P.C. Engineering with Fibre-Polymer Laminates, Chapman and Hall, London (1994). Daniel, I.M. and Ishai, O. Engineering Mechanics of Composite Materials, Oxford University Press (1994). 

M. D. Kennedy, Polymers, Laminations and Coating Conference, San Franscisco, California, Book 1, p. 135 (1987). 

The performance of a novel microwave-induced pyrolysis process was evaluated by studying the degradation of HDPE and aluminiutn/polymer laminates in a semibatch bench-scale apparatus. The relationship between temperature, residence time of the pyrolytic products in the reactor, and the chemical composition of the hydrocarbon fraction produced was investigated. 28 refs. 

M.N.G. Storm van Leeuwen and G. Wullms, Proceedings 6th European Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Symposium, Copenhagen (1999), pp. 199-207. 

In this example a polymer laminate film (for packaging) was examined, which was composed of nine layers (see Table 2), by both FTIR imaging and Raman line scan. For the IR measurements thin sections (5 pm) were cut. The central ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer layer is very soft, and holes can be seen in the visible image (Figure 12). 

Figure 12 IR transmission images of a polymer laminate. Left video image. Right IR image of the amide band (bright high COPA concentration). Only the COPA layers are visible in the FTIR image. The horizontal features in the middle layer are holes, originating during microtoming due to the material s softness.

Figure 13 FTIR ATR image of the polymer laminate (top left IR spectrum of COPA layer bottom left IR spectrum of EVA layer). The amide I absorption of COPA (top right) and the ester absorption of EVA (bottom right) were integrated (high intensities represented in bright color). An Intermediate region of ca. 5 pm (dimension bar) is assumed to be the LLDPE-MAH layer. Image area 50 pm x 50 pm.

Figure 14 (a) Raman spectra of the individual layers 1, LLDPE-MAH 2, COPA 3, EVA (abscissa wavenumber (cm ), ordinate intensity in arbitrary units), (b) Raman line scan of polymer laminate using three different Raman bands (abscissa position in pm, ordinate intensity in arbitrary units). 

Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference. Book 2. Conference proceedings. 

Zell-lgelit. Ger WWII porous vinyl chloride polymer laminate which was used as a coating on the air intake tube (schnorkel) and periscope of submarines to prevent detection by radar bearing aircraft... 

Demorest R L, Mayer D W. TAPPI Polymers, Laminations and Coatings Conference, Boston, 8-12th September 1996, pi29. 

Extrusion Coating. In extrusion coating, a thin film of molten polymer is pressed onto or into the substrate. Coating thickness may range from 6.5 ua or less to more than 100 xm. In polymer lamination, a related operation, two or more substrates, such as paper or aluminum foil, are combined by using the polymer film as adhesive and moisture barrier. In order to coat a substrate, the polymer must be extruded through a narrow slit in the extrusion coating die by an extruder screw. 

Pike, L., Measurement of Oxygen Transmission Rates of Film and Thin Sheeting Under Humid Conditions, TAPPI Proceedings, Polymers Laminations and Coatings Conference (1986). 

Heat-cleaned fiberglass cloth was treated with 0.5% carboxysilane J (Table 1) and compression-molded into a laminate with nylon 6,6 polymer. Laminates were compared to state-of-the-art silane H. Table 9 shows that silane H provided a significant improvement in flexural strength over the control, expecially after a 2 h water boil, but a carboxysilane/zinc ion ionomer system gave an even better strength improvement. 

The work of Sterman and Marsden and Plueddeman was carried out with glasscloth polymer laminates (10, II, 14,15). In this way the effect of the silane could be optimized as to time and temperature of the molding cycle. Additionally, the glass was being used in its maximum strength form in that it was continuous. An additional factor is the absence of any shear forces. As an example, for a polystyrene laminate, the use of an epoxyfunctional silane increased the flexural strength 90% over the bare... 

Figure 5.4 (a) Schematic of a three-layer polymer laminate, (b) FTIR absorbance intensity gray scale at 2850, 2980 and 1730 cm-1 at spectral resolution of 16 cm 1. (c) FTIR absorbance spectra from a single pixel within each of the three layers. Reproduced from figure 1 of Ref. 18, with permission. 

DeLassus P. T. Transport of Unusual Molecules in Polymer Films TAPPI 1985 Polymers Laminations Coatings Conference. TAPPI Press Atlanta, Book 2 445-450. 

Polymer Laminates Hereon Dlv. Health-Chem. Corp. New York, NY X X... 

Since aldehydes are readily oxidized in air to the corresponding acids, the extracts of the dispensers were also analyzed for acid (GC using a 10% AT-1000 column at 250°C). No acla was detected in dispensers aged as long as 8 weeks based on known quantities of acid, less than 5%, if any, of the aldehyde originally present in the dispenser had oxidized to acid. Thus, the combination of polymer laminate... 

Polymers, Laminations Coatings Conference.Volume 1. Conference proceedings. 

C. Ludlow-Palafox and H. A. Chase, Microwave-induced pyrolysis of aluminium/ polymer laminates, to be published (2006). 

In the last decade several novel types of gas-filled polymers appeared which belong to the second generation integral (structural) plastic foams syntactic foams reinforced polymer foams multilayer foams (foamed laminates), metallized plastic foams mineral and metallic foamed materials obtained on the basis of foamed polymers laminated constructions on the basis of foamed polymers and monolithic (unfoamed) plastics, metals, paper, leather, etc. 

RE King, III, "Overview of Additives for Film Products", TAPPI Polymer Laminations and Coatings Extrusion Manual, T Butler (editor), TAPPI Press, September, 2000. 

Johnson S L, Ahsan T, Polymers, Laminations Coatings Conference, Conference Proceedings, Atlanta, 1997, 471-477. 

Figure 18.11. Lacing value vs. time of moisture absorption. [Adapted, by permission, from Hansen H, Polymers, Laminations Coatings Conference, 1995, 653-8.]...

---