Field beans

The mmen is not functional at birth and milk is shunted to the abomasum. One to two weeks after birth, the neonate consumes soHd food if offered. A calf or lamb that is nursing tends to nibble the mother s feed. An alternative method of raising the neonate is to remove it from its mother at a very young age, <1 week. A common example of an early weaning situation is the dairy calf that is removed from the cow soon after birth so that the cow s milk supply might be devoted entirely to production. In this instance, the neonate requires complete dietary supplementation with milk replacer. Sources of milk replacer protein have traditionally included milk protein but may also include soybean proteins, fish protein concentrates, field bean proteins, pea protein concentrates, and yeast protein (4). Information on the digestibiUty of some of these protein sources is available (4). 

Up to Harvest. Oilseed rape and field beans are used as break crops for winter wheat on a variety of soils, and potatoes are used on the lighter soils. Sugar beet may also be grown, but this depends not only on the soil but also on the proximity of a sugar beet processing factor. Four Rothamsted-based experiments compared the effectiveness of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape in their use of labelled nitrogen fertilizer. Potatoes were included in two of these experiments and sugar beet and field beans in one experiment each. Two criteria based on the... 

Acker, m, field, land acre. -bau,m, agriculture, farming, -bauchemie, /. agricultural chemistry. -bauwissenschaft, /. science of agriculture, -beere, /, dewberry (esp. Rubus caesius). -boden, m. arable soil, surface soil, -bohne,/, field bean, broad bean (Vida/aba). -doppen,/.pf. valonia. 

LONGSTAFF M, MCNAB J M (1991) The inhibitory effects of hull polysaccharides and tannins of field beans (Vida faba L.) on the digestion of amino acids, starch and hpid and on digestive enzyme activities in young chicks. Br. TNutr. 65 199-216. 

K. H. Miihling, S. Schubert, and K. Mengel, Mechanism of sugar retention by roots of intact maize and field bean plants. Plant Soil 155/156 99 (1993). 

Field beans grow well on clay soils and heavy loams, provided they are well-drained and limed (pH above 6). Winter beans are not frost hardy and so are risky to grow, north of the Midlands. In some rotations, beans replace the clover break and they are usually followed by wheat. Yields for spring and winter field beans are shown in Table 5.4. The problem with field beans is their variable yield, which is partly caused by adverse weather conditions and susceptibility to pests and diseases (winter beans get chocolate spot, spring beans are aphid prone), and partly due to the uncertain activity of the necessary insect crosspollinators. 

Hay has been analysed by NIR for crude protein, acid detergent fibre, dry matter, lignin and IVDMD, rapeseed for oil and water and spring field beans for N to name but a few applications. Most macroinorganic constituents of peaty soil can be determined, and moulds have been measured in hay, tall fescue and barley (Malley and Nilsson, 1995). A short bibliography is given below. 

Figure 14. Protein solubility of initial and extruded field bean protein concentrates in different extraction solutions (2fi)...

Bulson, H.A.J., Snaydon, R.W. and Slopes, G.E. 1997. Effects of plant density on intercropped wheat and field beans in an organic system. Journal of Agricultural Science 128(1) 59-71. 

The direction and magnitude of the changes in production and returns will differ between countries. In the UK, for example, Lampkin (1994) estimated that with a 10% increase in organic agriculture, there would be a decrease in wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beet, oilseed and livestock and an increase in oats and field beans. In Australia, on large-scale cereal-live-stock farms, large-scale conversion would lead to decreased total production of all cereals (wheat, oats, barley, canola), and an increase in sheep (Wynen 1997). 

The faba bean, also known as field bean, horse bean and broad bean, is an annual legume that grows well in cool climates. It is well established as a feedstuff for horses and ruminants and is now receiving more attention as a feedstuff for poultry, particularly in Europe, because of the deficit in protein production. At the current time, the EU uses over 20 million t of protein feeds annually, but produces only 6 million t. The most suitable expansion in locally produced protein feedstuffs may be from crops of the legume family (beans, peas, lupins and soybeans). Field beans grow well in regions with mild winters and adequate summer rainfall and the beans store well for use on-farm. 

Blair, R., Wilson, B.J. and Bolton, W. (1970) Growth of broilers given diets containing field beans (Vicia faba L.) during the 0 to 4 week period. British Poultry Science 11, 387-398. 

Castanon, J.I.R. and Marquardt, R.R. (1989) Effect of enzyme addition, autoclave treatment and fermenting on the nutritive value of field beans (Vicia faba L.). Animal Feed Science and Technology 26, 71-79. 

Uses herbicide for post-emergence control of wild oats in wheat, barley, broad beans, field beans, soybeans, peas, sugar beet, flax, lucerne, lentils, mustard, oilseed rape, sunflowers, etc. 

Chemical Name 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-l-methoxy-l-methylurea Af,-(4-chlorophenyl)-Ar-methoxy-Ar-methylurea Uses herbicide for pre- or post-emergence control of annual broadleaf weeds and annual grasses in asparagus, berry fruit, cereals, maize, field beans, vines, leeks, onions, potatoes, herbs, lucerne, flowers, ornamental shrubs and trees, etc. 

Many oilseeds and pulses contain inhibitory compounds that prevent their effective use as feedstuffs in the raw state. Dry extmsion is an excellent means of inactivating these inhibitory compounds, making the oilseeds and pulses usable as feed ingredients (8). Basically, the effect is a result of the susceptibility of the inhibitory compounds to heat denaturation. Oilseeds and pulses that can be effectively processed by dry extmsion include soybeans, linseed, groundnuts (peanuts), rape, field beans, peas, and lentils, among others. Dry extmsion can be used for materials such... 

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