Field beans harvesting

Up to Harvest. Oilseed rape and field beans are used as break crops for winter wheat on a variety of soils, and potatoes are used on the lighter soils. Sugar beet may also be grown, but this depends not only on the soil but also on the proximity of a sugar beet processing factor. Four Rothamsted-based experiments compared the effectiveness of winter wheat and winter oilseed rape in their use of labelled nitrogen fertilizer. Potatoes were included in two of these experiments and sugar beet and field beans in one experiment each. Two criteria based on the... 

Abstract This chapter opens with an introduction to the concept of world markets for oilseeds and proteins and how this affects farmers decisions to grow break crops. It then tackles the agronomy of the main combinable break crops including oilseed rape, linseed, field peas and field beans. It briefly covers more esoteric crops such as flax, lupins, navy beans and sunflowers. Each crop is dealt with by describing the variety choice, tire establishment, crop nutrition, crop protection, and harvesting and storage, as well as a brief discussion of their markets and quality aspects requited. 

Winter field beans do well on the heavier soils provided they have a good stracture and are well drained In the north of the coimtry there is an increased risk of frost damage and later harvest. Spring beans are more siritable on mediitm soils but may then suffer from drought. 

Raw soybeans also maybe used as a supplemental protein source. Dry beans, ie, beans normally harvested in the green / imm a tiire state, fava beans, lupins, field peas, lentils, and other grain legumes are potential supplemental protein sources however, several of these may have deleterious effects, predominantly enzyme inhibition, on the animal. The supply of each is limited (5). 

Chloro-ort/2o-toluidine has been identified in field samples of plant materials treated with chlordimeform, e.g., in young bean leaves at concentrations of less than 0.1-0.2 ppm [mg/kg], in grape stems at 0.02-0.3 ppm [mg/kg], in a mixture of grape stems and berries at 0.02-0.5 ppm [mg/kg] and in prunes and apples at less than 0.04 ppm [mg/kg] (Kossmann et al., 1971). In an experimental field application (one to three treatments with chlordimeform, harvesting 42 days after last treatment), 4-chloro-ort/zo-toluidine was found in rice grains at 3-61 ppb [ Xg/kg] and in straw parts at 80-7200 ppb [pg/kg] (lizuka Masuda, 1979). 4-Chloro-ort/70-toluidine was detected as a metabolic product in cotton plants following treatment with chlordimeform (Bull, 1973). 

In Indiana dill is sown, early in spring, directly in the field with a beet or bean drill, in rows about 22 inches apart. The crop is ready to harvest in 90 to 105 days. It is harvested with a grain binder, usually about the middle of July, when the earliest seed has ripened. The herb is allowed to cure in the field for a day or two and then distilled with the equipment used in distilling mint. It takes from 2-1/2 to 3 hours to exhaust the charge. The yield ranges from 1 5 to 50 pounds an acre. Al times a second crop is obtained the same year, but the yield is small and usually unprofitable. There are several varieties of dill, some of which are not suitable for the purpose because they yield less oil or oil of poor quality. 

Mature beans field-dried before harvest. 

There was no appreciable exposure to Benlate, Orthene, Parathlon, Treflan, or Sevin detected on any harvest personnel patches. Enclosed cabs on the harvesters thus do not have any bearing on pesticide expcsure, and should be designed and selected from the point of view of operator comfort and mechanical safety. Orthene, the material frequently used closest to crop picking, was analyzed for In a field sampled on harvest day. Although measurable residues of 0.25 ppm for beans, 0.45 ppm for plant trash (leaves stems), and <0.02 ppm for surface soil were present, mechanical harvesting essentially eliminated atqr significant contact with treated commodities. 

The crops most often dried in Canada and the United States by artificial means are com (maize) and beans. Wheat, oats, and barley are harvested in the dry season and usually come off the field at a moisture content suitable for safe storage. If need be, the grain may be dried with natural air on sunny, warm days. 

As with the starch crops, most of these oilseed crops produce one or more residues that are rich in lignocellulose. For example, soybean straw is typically left in the fields when the beans are harvested. Soybean hulls are produced as wastes at the oilseed processing plant. In the United States, approximately 10 million tons per year of these soybean hulls are produced as a byproduct of soybean crushing operations. 

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