Autoclave treatment

Wet beet pulp (campaign 1991) was obtained, after sugar extraction, from CSM Suiker bv (Breda, the Netherlands). After two consecutive HjO washings of the beet pulp (40°C, 30 min) pectic polysaccharides were obtained by an autoclave treatment (two times,... 

Composition of the second extract obtained by consecutive autoclave treatment of beet pulp... 

Wet (hydrated) autoclave treatment represents the most uniform heating method and is claimed to be preferable over MWO irradiation by some authors (10,15). The main disadvantages of the autoclave method are that one must have access to an autoclave, and it can be time-consuming. 

Monoclonal antibody MIB-1 is used to recognize this antigen, and so the usefulness of this antibody is discussed in detail in Chapter 2. Immunohistochemical methods using microwave heating or autoclave treatment for localizing Ki-67 are presented. 

Ki-67 antigen immunohistochemical staining is a simple and reliable procedure for studying tumor proliferative activity in frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, including archival specimens. This antigen can be retrieved on sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissues by autoclave treatment (Fig. 10.1) or microwave heating (Fig. 10.2). Both methods are reliable and are presented later. 

Tsuji, Y., Kusuzaki, K., Hirasawa, Y., Serra, M., and Baldini, N. 1997. Ki-67 antigen retrieval in formalin-or ethanol-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues an enhancement method for immunohistochemical staining with autoclave treatment. Acta Histochem. Cytochem. 30 251-255. 

Castanon, J.I.R. and Marquardt, R.R. (1989) Effect of enzyme addition, autoclave treatment and fermenting on the nutritive value of field beans (Vicia faba L.). Animal Feed Science and Technology 26, 71-79. 

Defined volumes of 72% (w/w) H2S04 were added to OCL to reach final concentrations of 1, 2, 3, or 4% (w/w) sulfuric acid in the reaction medium. Hydrolyses were carried out in an autoclave at 121°C for 15 or 60 min. Heating time from 100 to 121 °C was 7 min. pH and weight of solutions were measured before and after autoclaving. No water losses were detected during autoclave treatments. All hydrolyses were done at least in duplicate. 

Note 3. In a modification developed by Yoshihara et al. (1984), this step is replaced by an autoclave treatment at 121 °C for 0.5 h as a means of shortening the analysis, thereby making it more suitable for routine analysis. 

Figure 11.12. Nitrogen isotherms determined on (a) a montmorillonite, (b) the untreated La-Al-pillared montmorillonite, (c) after autoclaving treatment (after Sterte, 1991).

The load will be exposed to a defined autoclave treatment (the validation cycle). 

Figure 15. IR spectra of hydridesilicas I (1) and II (3), after the treatment with 1-hexene vapours in an autoclave at 200°C for 3 hr spectra (2) and (4) respectively). (5)-IR spectrum of hydrosilylated silica after the autoclave treatment with 1-hexene vapours at 200°C for 3 hr. The figure also shows the IR spectra of 1-hexene (1=0.01 mm) before (6) and after the autoclave treatment at 350°C (7).

Heating a 1% (w/v) solution of ricin to >85°C for 30 min results in complete inactivation as judged by toxicity in laboratory mice (Hunt et al., 1918). Dry heat of >100°C for 60 min in an ashing oven or steam autoclave treatment at >121 °C for 1 h reduces the activity of pure ricin by >99% (Wannemacher et al., 1989). Heat inactivation of impure toxin preparations (e.g., crude ricin plant extracts) may vary. Heat-denatured ricin can undergo limited refolding (<1%) to yield active toxin. Isolated RTA and RTB are more easily inactivated by heating than is the holotoxin (Olsnes et al., 1975 Taira et al., 1978). 

Sonogels Gel exposed to ultrasound in the 20-kHz range prior to autoclave treatment Assists in the formation of multicomponent gels... 

To determine experimentally whether a hardened paste made from a cement with a given amount of MgO will preserve its volrrme stability indefmitely, accelerated testing has to be performed. In such tests the test specimens are exposed to an autoclave treatment, and the expansion that takes place rmder these conditions is assessed. 

Marais S et al (2005) Unsaturated polyester composites reinforced with flax fibers effect of cold plasma and autoclave treatments on mechanical and permeation properties. Compos A Appl Sci Manuf 36(7) 975-986... 

Ytong. A cellular (lightweight) concrete made in block form from shale and lime, and subsequently hardened by autoclave treatment. It was first produced in 1918, by A. Eriksson in Sweden, (cf. 

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